Tls on Hacper's Blog

使用 wolfssl 实现 tls 通信示例

Sun, 09 Jul 2023 14:02:11 +0800

wolfssl 介绍

wolfssl 是一个轻量级的 ssl/tls 实现，可作为嵌入式设备上实现 tls 安全通信的另一个选择。

API 设计和实现

API 定义还是按照 mbedtls tls 客户端应用详解中的设计，内部实现换成 wolfssl 的使用流程。

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void *qtf_tls_connect(const char *host, uint16_t port, qtf_tls_conn_param_t *param);
int qtf_tls_send(void *handle, const void *buf, uint32_t len, uint32_t timeout_ms);
int qtf_tls_recv(void *handle, void *buf, uint32_t len, uint32_t timeout_ms);
int qtf_tls_close(void *handle);

接口实现：

实现 tls client 主要使用到 wolfssl 下面的这几个 api，相比较于 mbedtls，wolfssl 是使用流程更加简洁。

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// 初始化和配置
wolfSSL_Init
wolfTLSv1_2_client_method
wolfTLSv1_3_client_method
wolfSSLv23_client_method
wolfSSL_SetIORecv
wolfSSL_SetIOSend
wolfSSL_CTX_set_verify
wolfSSL_CTX_load_verify_buffer
wolfSSL_CTX_use_certificate_buffer
wolfSSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey_buffer
wolfSSL_set_fd

// 创建和释放资源
wolfSSL_CTX_new
wolfSSL_new    
wolfSSL_free
wolfSSL_CTX_free
wolfSSL_Cleanup

// 连接关闭和收发数据
wolfSSL_connect
wolfSSL_shutdown
wolfSSL_write
wolfSSL_read   

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#include "qt_idf_config.h"

#include 
#include 
#include 

#include "qt_idf_tls.h"
#include "qt_idf_tcp.h"
#include "dlg/dlg.h"
#include "utils_timer.h"
#ifndef WOLFSSL_USER_SETTINGS
    #include 
#endif
#include 
#include 
#include 

typedef struct
{
    WOLFSSL_CTX* ctx;
    WOLFSSL*     ssl;
    WOLFSSL_METHOD* method;
    int fd;
}qtf_tls_handle_t;

// 自定义tcp 发送函数
static  int my_IOSend(WOLFSSL* ssl, char* buff, int sz, void* ctx)
{
    int ret = 0;
    int fd = *(int*)ctx;

    ret = qtf_tcp_send((void *)fd, (const char *)buff, sz, 1000);
    if (ret < 0)
    {
        dlg_error("qtf_tcp_send failed");
        return WOLFSSL_CBIO_ERR_GENERAL;
    }

    return ret;
}
// 自定义tcp 接收函数
static int my_IORecv(WOLFSSL* ssl, char* buff, int sz, void* ctx)
{
    int ret = 0;
    int fd = *(int*)ctx;

    ret = qtf_tcp_recv((void *)fd, (char *)buff, sz, 1000);
    if (ret < 0)
    {
        dlg_error("qtf_tcp_recv failed");
        return WOLFSSL_CBIO_ERR_GENERAL;
    }

    return ret;
}

// 初始化和配置参数
static int _tls_net_init(qtf_tls_handle_t *handle, qtf_tls_conn_param_t *param)
{
    int ret = -1;

    wolfSSL_Init();
    
    if(param->tls_version == QTF_TLS_VERSION_TLS1_2)
    {
        handle->method = wolfTLSv1_2_client_method();
    }
    else if(param->tls_version == QTF_TLS_VERSION_TLS1_3)
    {
        handle->method = wolfTLSv1_3_client_method();
    }
    else if(param->tls_version == QTF_TLS_VERSION_TLS1_2_1_3)
    {
        handle->method = wolfSSLv23_client_method();
    }
    else
    {
        dlg_error("not support tls version");
        goto error;
    }

    handle->ctx = wolfSSL_CTX_new(handle->method);
    if(!handle->ctx)
    {
        dlg_error("wolfSSL_CTX_new failed");
        goto error;
    }
	// 注册收发函数回调，使用自定义tcp收发的实现
    wolfSSL_SetIORecv(handle->ctx, my_IORecv);
    wolfSSL_SetIOSend(handle->ctx, my_IOSend);

    if(param->verify_mode == QTF_TLS_VERIFY_MODE_NONE || param->verify_mode == QTF_TLS_VERIFY_MODE_OPTIONAL)
    {
        wolfSSL_CTX_set_verify(handle->ctx, SSL_VERIFY_NONE, NULL);
    }
    else if (param->verify_mode == QTF_TLS_VERIFY_MODE_REQUIRED)
    {
        wolfSSL_CTX_set_verify(handle->ctx, SSL_VERIFY_PEER, NULL);
    }
    else
    {
        dlg_error("invalid verify mode");
        goto error;
    }

   

    if(param->auth_mode == QTF_TLS_AUTH_MODE_CERT)
    {
        if(param->ca_cert && param->ca_cert_len)
        {
            // 加载ca证书
            ret = wolfSSL_CTX_load_verify_buffer(handle->ctx, (const unsigned char *)param->ca_cert, param->ca_cert_len, SSL_FILETYPE_PEM);
            if (ret != SSL_SUCCESS)
            {
                dlg_error("wolfSSL_CTX_load_verify_buffer failed");
                goto error;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if(param->verify_mode != QTF_TLS_VERIFY_MODE_NONE)
            {
                dlg_error("invalid ca cert");
                goto error;
            }
            dlg_info("verify mode is none");
        }
        
        if (param->client_cert && param->client_cert_len && param->client_key && param->client_key_len)
        {
            ret = wolfSSL_CTX_use_certificate_buffer(handle->ctx, (const unsigned char *)param->client_cert, param->client_cert_len, SSL_FILETYPE_PEM);
            if (ret != SSL_SUCCESS)
            {
                dlg_error("wolfSSL_CTX_use_certificate_buffer failed");
                goto error;
            }

            ret = wolfSSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey_buffer(handle->ctx, (const unsigned char *)param->client_key, param->client_key_len, SSL_FILETYPE_PEM);
            if (ret != SSL_SUCCESS)
            {
                dlg_error("wolfSSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey_buffer failed");
                goto error;
            }
        }
    }
    else if(param->auth_mode == QTF_TLS_AUTH_MODE_PSK)
    {
        
    }
    else
    {
        dlg_error("invalid auth mode");
        goto error;
    }

    handle->ssl = wolfSSL_new(handle->ctx);
    if(!handle->ssl)
    {
        dlg_error("wolfSSL_new failed");
        goto error;
    }

    ret = 0;
    return ret;

error:
    
    return ret;

}

static int __tls_net_deinit(qtf_tls_handle_t *handle)
{
    wolfSSL_shutdown(handle->ssl);
    wolfSSL_free(handle->ssl);
    wolfSSL_CTX_free(handle->ctx);
    wolfSSL_Cleanup();
    // 断开tcp连接
    qtf_tcp_close((void *)handle->fd);
    return 0;
}

void *qtf_tls_connect(const char *host, uint16_t port, qtf_tls_conn_param_t *param)
{
    qtf_tls_handle_t *handle = NULL;
    int ret = 0;

    if(!host || !param)
    {
        dlg_error("invalid param");
        goto error;
    }

    handle = (qtf_tls_handle_t *)malloc(sizeof(qtf_tls_handle_t));
    if(!handle)
    {
        dlg_error("malloc failed");
        goto error;
    }

    ret = _tls_net_init(handle, param);
    if(ret != 0)
    {
        dlg_error("tls net init failed");
        goto error;
    }

    dlg_info("Connecting to %s:%d...", host, port);
    // 先创建 tcp 连接
    handle->fd = (int)qtf_tcp_connect(host, port);
    if (handle->fd <= 0)
    {
        dlg_error("qtf_tcp_connect failed");
        goto error;
    }
    // 将套接字 fd 绑定到 ssl 操作句柄 
    wolfSSL_set_fd(handle->ssl, handle->fd);
	
    // 调用 wolfSSL_connect tls 连接
    ret = wolfSSL_connect(handle->ssl);
    if (ret != SSL_SUCCESS)
    {
        ret = wolfSSL_get_error(handle->ssl, ret);
        dlg_error("wolfSSL_connect failed ret:%d, 0x%04x",ret, ret < 0 ? -ret : ret);
        goto error;
    }
    return handle;

error:

    if(handle)
    {
        __tls_net_deinit(handle);
        free(handle);
    }

    return NULL;
}

int qtf_tls_send(void *handle, const void *buf, uint32_t len, uint32_t timeout_ms)
{
    qtf_tls_handle_t *tls_handle = (qtf_tls_handle_t *)handle;
    int ret = 0;
    int send_len = 0;
    timer_t timer;

    if(!handle || !buf || !len)
    {
        dlg_error("invalid param");
        return -1;
    }

    qtf_timer_init(&timer);
    qtf_timer_countdown_ms(&timer, timeout_ms);

    do
    {
        ret = wolfSSL_write(tls_handle->ssl, (const unsigned char *)buf + send_len, len - send_len);

        if (ret >= 0)
        {
            send_len += ret;
        }
        else
        {
            dlg_error("wolfSSL_write failed 0x%04x", ret < 0 ? -ret : ret);
            break;
        }

    } while (send_len < len && !qtf_timer_expired(&timer));

    if(send_len == 0)
    {
        return -1;
    }
    
    return send_len;
}
int qtf_tls_recv(void *handle, void *buf, uint32_t len, uint32_t timeout_ms)
{
    qtf_tls_handle_t *tls_handle = (qtf_tls_handle_t *)handle;
    int ret = 0;
    timer_t timer;
    int recv_len = 0;

    if(!handle || !buf || !len)
    {
        dlg_error("invalid param");
        return -1;
    }

    qtf_timer_init(&timer);
    qtf_timer_countdown_ms(&timer, timeout_ms);
    do
    {
        ret = wolfSSL_read(tls_handle->ssl, (unsigned char *)buf + recv_len, len - recv_len);

        if (ret >= 0)
        {
            recv_len += ret;
        }
        else
        {
            dlg_error("wolfSSL_read failed 0x%04x", ret < 0 ? -ret : ret);
            break;
        }
    } while (recv_len < len && !qtf_timer_expired(&timer));
    
    if(recv_len == 0)
    {
        return -1;
    }

    return recv_len;
}

int qtf_tls_close(void *handle)
{
    int ret = 0;
    qtf_tls_handle_t *tls_handle = (qtf_tls_handle_t *)handle;
    if (!handle)
    {
        dlg_error("invalid param");
        return -1;
    }
    __tls_net_deinit(tls_handle);
    free(tls_handle);

    return ret;
}

示例

上层封装的接口没有变，测试例子可以直接使用之前测试 mbedtls tls 连接的例子。

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void shell_tlstest_cmd(int argc, char *argv)
{
	qtf_tls_conn_param_t tls_param = {0};
	void *tls_handle = NULL;
	char recv_buf[1024] = {0};
	int ret = 0;

	const char request[] = "GET /get?a=1 HTTP/1.1\r\n"
		"Host: httpbin.org\r\n"
		"Connection: close\r\n"
		"\r\n";
	const char *test_ca_cert =
		{

			"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"
			"MIIDdTCCAl2gAwIBAgILBAAAAAABFUtaw5QwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQAwVzELMAkG\r\n"
			"A1UEBhMCQkUxGTAXBgNVBAoTEEdsb2JhbFNpZ24gbnYtc2ExEDAOBgNVBAsTB1Jv\r\n"
			"b3QgQ0ExGzAZBgNVBAMTEkdsb2JhbFNpZ24gUm9vdCBDQTAeFw05ODA5MDExMjAw\r\n"
			"MDBaFw0yODAxMjgxMjAwMDBaMFcxCzAJBgNVBAYTAkJFMRkwFwYDVQQKExBHbG9i\r\n"
			"YWxTaWduIG52LXNhMRAwDgYDVQQLEwdSb290IENBMRswGQYDVQQDExJHbG9iYWxT\r\n"
			"aWduIFJvb3QgQ0EwggEiMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQDaDuaZ\r\n"
			"jc6j40+Kfvvxi4Mla+pIH/EqsLmVEQS98GPR4mdmzxzdzxtIK+6NiY6arymAZavp\r\n"
			"xy0Sy6scTHAHoT0KMM0VjU/43dSMUBUc71DuxC73/OlS8pF94G3VNTCOXkNz8kHp\r\n"
			"1Wrjsok6Vjk4bwY8iGlbKk3Fp1S4bInMm/k8yuX9ifUSPJJ4ltbcdG6TRGHRjcdG\r\n"
			"snUOhugZitVtbNV4FpWi6cgKOOvyJBNPc1STE4U6G7weNLWLBYy5d4ux2x8gkasJ\r\n"
			"U26Qzns3dLlwR5EiUWMWea6xrkEmCMgZK9FGqkjWZCrXgzT/LCrBbBlDSgeF59N8\r\n"
			"9iFo7+ryUp9/k5DPAgMBAAGjQjBAMA4GA1UdDwEB/wQEAwIBBjAPBgNVHRMBAf8E\r\n"
			"BTADAQH/MB0GA1UdDgQWBBRge2YaRQ2XyolQL30EzTSo//z9SzANBgkqhkiG9w0B\r\n"
			"AQUFAAOCAQEA1nPnfE920I2/7LqivjTFKDK1fPxsnCwrvQmeU79rXqoRSLblCKOz\r\n"
			"yj1hTdNGCbM+w6DjY1Ub8rrvrTnhQ7k4o+YviiY776BQVvnGCv04zcQLcFGUl5gE\r\n"
			"38NflNUVyRRBnMRddWQVDf9VMOyGj/8N7yy5Y0b2qvzfvGn9LhJIZJrglfCm7ymP\r\n"
			"AbEVtQwdpf5pLGkkeB6zpxxxYu7KyJesF12KwvhHhm4qxFYxldBniYUr+WymXUad\r\n"
			"DKqC5JlR3XC321Y9YeRq4VzW9v493kHMB65jUr9TU/Qr6cf9tveCX4XSQRjbgbME\r\n"
			"HMUfpIBvFSDJ3gyICh3WZlXi/EjJKSZp4A==\r\n"
			"-----END CERTIFICATE-----"};
	tls_param.auth_mode = QTF_TLS_AUTH_MODE_CERT;
	tls_param.verify_mode = QTF_TLS_VERIFY_MODE_OPTIONAL;
	tls_param.hanshake_timeout_ms = 10000;
	tls_param.ca_cert = test_ca_cert;
	tls_param.ca_cert_len = strlen(test_ca_cert);
	tls_param.client_cert = NULL;
	tls_param.client_cert_len = 0;
	tls_param.client_key = NULL;
	tls_param.client_key_len = 0;
	tls_param.client_key_passwd = NULL;
	tls_param.client_key_passwd_len = 0;
	tls_param.psk = NULL;
	tls_param.psk_len = 0;
	tls_param.psk_id = NULL;
	tls_param.debug_level = QTF_TLS_DEBUG_LEVEL_ERROR;
	tls_param.tls_version = QTF_TLS_VERSION_TLS1_2;
	tls_param.max_frag_len = QTF_TLS_MAX_FRAG_LEN_NO_USE;

	tls_handle = qtf_tls_connect("httpbin.org", 443, &tls_param);
	if(tls_handle)
	{
		shell_printf("tls connect success\r\n");
	}
	else
	{
		shell_printf("tls connect failed\r\n");
		return;
	}

	ret = qtf_tls_send(tls_handle, request, strlen(request), 1000);
	if(ret > 0)
	{
		shell_printf("tls send success\r\n");
	}
	else
	{
		shell_printf("tls send failed\r\n");
		qtf_tls_close(tls_handle);
		return;
	}

	ret = qtf_tls_recv(tls_handle, recv_buf, sizeof(recv_buf), 1000);
	if(ret > 0)
	{
		shell_printf("tls recv success\r\n");
		shell_printf("recv:%s\r\n", recv_buf);
	}
	else
	{
		shell_printf("tls recv failed\r\n");
		qtf_tls_close(tls_handle);
		return;
	}

	qtf_tls_close(tls_handle);

}

测试日志：

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[qt_idf_tls.c:457 qtf_tls_connect] Connecting to httpbin.org:443...
[qt_idf_tcp.c:95 qtf_tcp_connect] connect to httpbin.org:443 success fd:744
[qt_idf_tcp.c:176 qtf_tcp_send] send 242 bytes
[qt_idf_tcp.c:267 qtf_tcp_recv] recv 5 bytes
[qt_idf_tcp.c:267 qtf_tcp_recv] recv 86 bytes
[qt_idf_tcp.c:267 qtf_tcp_recv] recv 5 bytes
[qt_idf_tcp.c:267 qtf_tcp_recv] recv 4953 bytes
[qt_idf_tcp.c:267 qtf_tcp_recv] recv 5 bytes
[qt_idf_tcp.c:267 qtf_tcp_recv] recv 333 bytes
[qt_idf_tcp.c:267 qtf_tcp_recv] recv 5 bytes
[qt_idf_tcp.c:267 qtf_tcp_recv] recv 4 bytes
[qt_idf_tcp.c:176 qtf_tcp_send] send 126 bytes
[qt_idf_tcp.c:267 qtf_tcp_recv] recv 5 bytes
[qt_idf_tcp.c:267 qtf_tcp_recv] recv 1 bytes
[qt_idf_tcp.c:267 qtf_tcp_recv] recv 5 bytes
[qt_idf_tcp.c:267 qtf_tcp_recv] recv 40 bytes
tls connect success
[qt_idf_tcp.c:176 qtf_tcp_send] send 92 bytes
tls send success
[qt_idf_tcp.c:267 qtf_tcp_recv] recv 5 bytes
[qt_idf_tcp.c:267 qtf_tcp_recv] recv 468 bytes
[qt_idf_tcp.c:267 qtf_tcp_recv] recv 5 bytes
[qt_idf_tcp.c:267 qtf_tcp_recv] recv 26 bytes
[qt_idf_tls.c:651 qtf_tls_recv] wolfSSL_read failed 0x0001
tls recv success
recv:HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2023 06:51:29 GMT
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 219
Connection: close
Server: gunicorn/19.9.0
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true

{
  "args": {
    "a": "1"
  },
  "headers": {
    "Host": "httpbin.org",
    "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-64aa58f1-17ce1f42274e9e4e44d6ea95"
  },
  "origin": "223.73.211.53",
  "url": "https://httpbin.org/get?a=1"
}

[qt_idf_tcp.c:176 qtf_tcp_send] send 31 bytes

参考资料

mbedtls tls 客户端应用详解

Sun, 02 Jul 2023 17:52:56 +0800

介绍 mbedtls 的 tls client 的使用方法，常见的功能参数配置和含义。当前使用的 mbedtls 版本是： mbedtls-3.4.0。

功能参数配置

需要配置的功能选项

设置 tls 协议版本: 配置 tls 1.2, tls 1.3, 还是二者都支持。
认证方式设置：单向认证、双向认证、还是 psk。
握手时的校验等级设置：不校验证书合法性，仅加密；校验，但如果失败也继续执行后面的握手流程；校验不通过则终止握手流程。
服务器ca证书设置
客户端证书和密钥设置
预定义共享密钥设置

编译配置

使用 mbedtls_config.h 配置文件，tls 1.2 默认打开，不需要修改，但 tls 1.3 未开启，需要特别设置。

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//mbedtls_config.h 
#define MBEDTLS_SSL_PROTO_TLS1_3
#define MBEDTLS_SSL_TLS1_3_COMPATIBILITY_MODE
#define MBEDTLS_USE_PSA_CRYPTO
#define MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_CONFIG

解决 mps_common.h 中的编译问题，替换 MBEDTLS_MPS_STORED_SIZE_MAX 和 MBEDTLS_MPS_SIZE_MAX 宏定义。

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//mps_common.h
#define MBEDTLS_MPS_STORED_SIZE_MAX  (SIZE_MAX)
#define MBEDTLS_MPS_SIZE_MAX  (SIZE_MAX)

API 设计和实现

接口处理的事情，主要是连接参数配置、打开和关闭连接，接收和发送数据。

数据结构定义：

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typedef enum
{
    QTF_TLS_AUTH_MODE_CERT = 0, // 校验证书
    QTF_TLS_AUTH_MODE_PSK, // 预定义共享密钥
    QTF_TLS_AUTH_MODE_MAX
}qtf_tls_auth_mode_t;

typedef enum
{
    QTF_TLS_VERSION_TLS1_2 = 0,     // TLS v1.2
    QTF_TLS_VERSION_TLS1_3,         // TLS v1.3
    QTF_TLS_VERSION_TLS1_2_1_3,     // TLS v1.2 and TLS v1.3
    QTF_TLS_VERSION_MAX
}qtf_tls_version_t;

typedef enum
{
    QTF_TLS_VERIFY_MODE_NONE = 0, // 不校验证书是否合法
    QTF_TLS_VERIFY_MODE_OPTIONAL, // 证书校验失败，继续执行握手
    QTF_TLS_VERIFY_MODE_REQUIRED, // 证书校验失败终止握手，推荐配置
    QTF_TLS_VERIFY_MODE_MAX
}qtf_tls_verify_mode_t;

typedef enum
{
    QTF_TLS_DEBUG_LEVEL_NONE = 0,
    QTF_TLS_DEBUG_LEVEL_ERROR,
    QTF_TLS_DEBUG_LEVEL_STATE,
    QTF_TLS_DEBUG_LEVEL_INFO,
    QTF_TLS_DEBUG_LEVEL_VERBOSE,
}qtf_tls_debug_level_t;

// tls 报文分片大小设置
typedef enum
{
    QTF_TLS_MAX_FRAG_LEN_NO_USE = 0, // 不设置
    QTF_TLS_MAX_FRAG_LEN_512, // 设置 tls 报文分片大小 512 字节
    QTF_TLS_MAX_FRAG_LEN_1024,
    QTF_TLS_MAX_FRAG_LEN_2048,
    QTF_TLS_MAX_FRAG_LEN_4096,
}qtf_tls_max_frag_len_t;

typedef struct
{
    qtf_tls_auth_mode_t auth_mode; // 认证方式
    qtf_tls_verify_mode_t verify_mode; // 握手校验等级
    qtf_tls_version_t tls_version; // tls 协议版本设置
    qtf_tls_debug_level_t debug_level; // 调试日志等级设置
    qtf_tls_max_frag_len_t max_frag_len; // 报文分片大小设置
    uint32_t hanshake_timeout_ms; // 握手超时时间设置
    const char *ca_cert; 	// 服务器ca 证书
    uint32_t ca_cert_len;
    const char *client_cert; // 客户端证书
    uint32_t client_cert_len;
    const char *client_key; // 客户端密钥
    uint32_t client_key_len;
    const char *client_key_passwd;
    uint32_t client_key_passwd_len;
    const char *psk; // 预定义共享密钥
    uint32_t psk_len;
    const char *psk_id;
}qtf_tls_conn_param_t;

连接参数配置说明：

auth_mode：认证方式设置。

一是通过证书认证，另一个是通过预定义密钥 PSK。
verify_mode：握手的校验等级。

推荐配置为 QTF_TLS_VERIFY_MODE_REQUIRED。如果只是想加密而不校验，可以配置 QTF_TLS_VERIFY_MODE_NONE 或 QTF_TLS_VERIFY_MODE_OPTIONAL。
tls_version：tls 协议版本。

推荐配置成 tls 1.2 或 tls 1.3，tls 1.2 以下的版本不安全，tls 1.3 版本 mbedtls 没有完整支持。
debug_level：日志等级。

推荐设置 QTF_TLS_DEBUG_LEVEL_NONE 关闭日志输出。排查问题时可以将日志打开 QTF_TLS_DEBUG_LEVEL_VERBOSE（注意会打印密钥和收发数据的明文内容）。
max_frag_len：数据分片大小设置。

在客户端侧设置，用于协商数据分片大小，设置这个参数应该是出于对使用内存大小和带宽的考虑。

设置太小，可能会出现服务器证书接收不完整导致握手失败问题，但最大值也不能设置超过接收缓冲区的大小。
hanshake_timeout_ms：握手超时时间。
ca_cert：服务器的 ca 证书。

如果要求校验证书，则必须设置。客户端校验服务器是否合法，单向认证。
client_cert：客户端证书。

要求双向认证的时候必须设置，用于服务器校验客户端是否合法。同时还要设置 client_key。
psk ：预定义共享密钥。

psk 不需要证书认证，减少握手数据交互流程，但需要指定 psk_id 身份标识和指定加密套件。

接口定义：

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void *qtf_tls_connect(const char *host, uint16_t port, qtf_tls_conn_param_t *param);
int qtf_tls_send(void *handle, const void *buf, uint32_t len, uint32_t timeout_ms);
int qtf_tls_recv(void *handle, void *buf, uint32_t len, uint32_t timeout_ms);
int qtf_tls_close(void *handle);

接口实现:

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#include 
#include 
#include 

#include "qt_idf_tls.h"
#include "dlg/dlg.h"

#include "mbedtls/net_sockets.h"
#include "mbedtls/ssl.h"
#include "mbedtls/ctr_drbg.h"
#include "mbedtls/debug.h"
#include "mbedtls/platform.h"
#include "mbedtls/timing.h"
#include "mbedtls/entropy.h"
#include "mbedtls/error.h"

typedef struct
{
    mbedtls_net_context      socket_fd;
    mbedtls_entropy_context  entropy;
    mbedtls_ctr_drbg_context ctr_drbg;
    mbedtls_ssl_context      ssl;
    mbedtls_ssl_config       ssl_conf;
    mbedtls_x509_crt         ca_cert;
    mbedtls_x509_crt         client_cert;
    mbedtls_pk_context       private_key;
}qtf_tls_handle_t;

#if defined(MBEDTLS_DEBUG_C)
static void _ssl_debug(void *ctx, int level, const char *file, int line, const char *str)
{
    printf("[mbedTLS]:[%s]:[%d]: %s\r\n", (file), line, (str));
}

#endif

static int _mbedtls_tcp_connect(mbedtls_net_context *ctx, const char *host, uint16_t port)
{
    int ret = 0;
    char port_str[6] = {0};

    snprintf(port_str, sizeof(port_str), "%d", port);

    ret = mbedtls_net_connect(ctx, host, port_str, MBEDTLS_NET_PROTO_TCP);
    if(ret != 0)
    {
        dlg_error("mbedtls_net_connect connect failed returned 0x%04x errno: %d", ret < 0 ? -ret : ret, errno);
       
        return ret;
    }

    ret = mbedtls_net_set_block(ctx);
    if(ret != 0)
    {
        dlg_error("mbedtls_net_set_block failed returned 0x%04x errno: %d", ret < 0 ? -ret : ret, errno);
        return ret;
    }

    return 0;
}

static int _tls_net_init(qtf_tls_handle_t *handle, qtf_tls_conn_param_t *param)
{
    int ret = -1;

    mbedtls_net_init(&(handle->socket_fd));
    mbedtls_ssl_init(&(handle->ssl));
    mbedtls_ssl_config_init(&(handle->ssl_conf));
    mbedtls_ctr_drbg_init(&(handle->ctr_drbg));
    
    mbedtls_entropy_init(&(handle->entropy));

#if defined(MBEDTLS_DEBUG_C)
    mbedtls_debug_set_threshold(param->debug_level);
    mbedtls_ssl_conf_dbg(&handle->ssl_conf, _ssl_debug, NULL);
#endif

#if defined(MBEDTLS_USE_PSA_CRYPTO) || defined(MBEDTLS_SSL_PROTO_TLS1_3)
    // tls 1.3 需要调用 psa_crypto_init
    ret = psa_crypto_init();
    if (ret != PSA_SUCCESS)
    {
        dlg_error("psa_crypto_init failed");
        goto error;
    }
#endif

    ret = mbedtls_ssl_conf_max_frag_len(&(handle->ssl_conf), param->max_frag_len);
    if (ret != 0)
    {
        dlg_error("mbedtls_ssl_conf_max_frag_len failed");
        goto error;
    }


    ret = mbedtls_ctr_drbg_seed(&(handle->ctr_drbg), mbedtls_entropy_func, &(handle->entropy), NULL, 0);
    if (ret != 0)
    {
        dlg_error("mbedtls_ctr_drbg_seed failed");
        goto error;
    }
	
    // 证书认证方式
    if(param->auth_mode == QTF_TLS_AUTH_MODE_CERT)
    {
        if(param->ca_cert && param->ca_cert_len)
        {
            mbedtls_x509_crt_init(&(handle->ca_cert));
            ret = mbedtls_x509_crt_parse(&(handle->ca_cert), (const unsigned char *)param->ca_cert, param->ca_cert_len+1);
            if (ret != 0)
            {
                dlg_error("mbedtls_x509_crt_parse failed");
                goto error;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if(param->verify_mode != QTF_TLS_VERIFY_MODE_NONE)
            {
                dlg_error("invalid ca cert");
                goto error;
            }
            dlg_info("verify mode is none");
        }
        
        mbedtls_ssl_conf_ca_chain(&(handle->ssl_conf), &(handle->ca_cert), NULL);
		
        if (param->client_cert && param->client_cert_len && param->client_key && param->client_key_len)
        {
            // 双向认证
            mbedtls_x509_crt_init(&(handle->client_cert));
            mbedtls_pk_init(&(handle->private_key));
            ret = mbedtls_x509_crt_parse(&(handle->client_cert), (const unsigned char *)param->client_cert, param->client_cert_len + 1);
            if (ret != 0)
            {
                dlg_error("mbedtls_x509_crt_parse failed");
                goto error;
            }

            ret = mbedtls_pk_parse_key(&(handle->private_key), (const unsigned char *)param->client_key,
                                       param->client_key_len + 1, (const unsigned char *)param->client_key_passwd, param->client_key_passwd_len + 1, NULL, NULL);
            if (ret != 0)
            {
                dlg_error("mbedtls_pk_parse_key failed");
                goto error;
            }
            ret = mbedtls_ssl_conf_own_cert(&(handle->ssl_conf), &(handle->client_cert), &(handle->private_key));
            if (ret != 0)
            {
                dlg_error("mbedtls_ssl_conf_own_cert failed");
                goto error;
            }
        }
    }
    // psk 认证
    else if(param->auth_mode == QTF_TLS_AUTH_MODE_PSK)
    {
        if(param->psk && param->psk_len && param->psk_id)
        {
            ret = mbedtls_ssl_conf_psk(&(handle->ssl_conf), (const unsigned char *)param->psk, param->psk_len,
                                       (const unsigned char *)param->psk_id, strlen(param->psk_id));
            if (ret != 0)
            {
                dlg_error("mbedtls_ssl_conf_psk failed");
                goto error;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            dlg_error("invalid psk");
            goto error;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        dlg_error("invalid auth mode");
        goto error;
    }
    return ret;

error:
    
    return ret;

}

static int __tls_net_deinit(qtf_tls_handle_t *handle)
{
    mbedtls_net_free(&(handle->socket_fd));
    mbedtls_ssl_free(&(handle->ssl));
    mbedtls_ssl_config_free(&(handle->ssl_conf));
    mbedtls_ctr_drbg_free(&(handle->ctr_drbg));
    mbedtls_entropy_free(&(handle->entropy));
    mbedtls_x509_crt_free(&(handle->ca_cert));
    mbedtls_x509_crt_free(&(handle->client_cert));
    mbedtls_pk_free(&(handle->private_key));

    return 0;
}

void *qtf_tls_connect(const char *host, uint16_t port, qtf_tls_conn_param_t *param)
{
    qtf_tls_handle_t *handle = NULL;
    int ret = 0;

    if(!host || !param)
    {
        dlg_error("invalid param");
        goto error;
    }

    handle = (qtf_tls_handle_t *)malloc(sizeof(qtf_tls_handle_t));
    if(!handle)
    {
        dlg_error("malloc failed");
        goto error;
    }
	
    // 配置 tls 连接参数
    ret = _tls_net_init(handle, param);
    if(ret != 0)
    {
        dlg_error("tls net init failed");
        goto error;
    }

    dlg_info("Connecting to %s:%d...", host, port);
	// 建立 tcp 连接
    ret = _mbedtls_tcp_connect(&(handle->socket_fd), host, port);
    if (ret != 0)
    {
        dlg_error("mbedtls_tcp_connect failed");
        goto error;
    }
	
    // 设置 tls 客户端
    mbedtls_ssl_config_defaults(&(handle->ssl_conf), MBEDTLS_SSL_IS_CLIENT, MBEDTLS_SSL_TRANSPORT_STREAM, MBEDTLS_SSL_PRESET_DEFAULT);

    mbedtls_ssl_conf_read_timeout(&(handle->ssl_conf), param->hanshake_timeout_ms);
	
    // 配置认证等级
    mbedtls_ssl_conf_authmode(&(handle->ssl_conf), param->verify_mode);
	
    // 协议版本设置
    if(param->tls_version == QTF_TLS_VERSION_TLS1_2)
    {
        mbedtls_ssl_conf_max_tls_version(&(handle->ssl_conf), MBEDTLS_SSL_VERSION_TLS1_2);
        mbedtls_ssl_conf_min_tls_version(&(handle->ssl_conf), MBEDTLS_SSL_VERSION_TLS1_2);
    }
    else if(param->tls_version == QTF_TLS_VERSION_TLS1_3)
    {
        mbedtls_ssl_conf_max_tls_version(&(handle->ssl_conf), MBEDTLS_SSL_VERSION_TLS1_3);
        mbedtls_ssl_conf_min_tls_version(&(handle->ssl_conf), MBEDTLS_SSL_VERSION_TLS1_3);
    }
    else
    {
        mbedtls_ssl_conf_max_tls_version(&(handle->ssl_conf), MBEDTLS_SSL_VERSION_TLS1_3);
        mbedtls_ssl_conf_min_tls_version(&(handle->ssl_conf), MBEDTLS_SSL_VERSION_TLS1_2);
    }


    mbedtls_ssl_conf_rng(&(handle->ssl_conf), mbedtls_ctr_drbg_random, &(handle->ctr_drbg));

    // todo: config ciphersuites

    ret = mbedtls_ssl_setup(&(handle->ssl), &(handle->ssl_conf));
    if (ret != 0)
    {
        dlg_error("mbedtls_ssl_setup failed");
        goto error;
    }
	
    // 配置 tcp 收发函数，可自定义也可使用 mbedtls 的实现
    mbedtls_ssl_set_bio(&(handle->ssl), &(handle->socket_fd), mbedtls_net_send, mbedtls_net_recv, mbedtls_net_recv_timeout);
	
    // 设置服务器域名，目的是配置 SNI （Server Name Indication） 扩展。
    ret = mbedtls_ssl_set_hostname(&(handle->ssl), host);
    if (ret != 0)
    {
        dlg_error("mbedtls_ssl_set_hostname failed");
        goto error;
    }

    // 执行握手流程
    while ((ret = mbedtls_ssl_handshake(&(handle->ssl))) != 0)
    {
        if (ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_READ && ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_WRITE)
        {
            dlg_error("mbedtls_ssl_handshake failed 0x%04x", ret < 0 ? -ret : ret);
            goto error;
        }
    }
	
    // 证书校验结果
    ret = mbedtls_ssl_get_verify_result(&(handle->ssl));
    if (ret < 0)
    {
        dlg_error("mbedtls_ssl_get_verify_result  0x%04x", ret < 0 ? -ret : ret);
        goto error;
    }

    return handle;

error:

    if(handle)
    {
        __tls_net_deinit(handle);
        free(handle);
    }

    return NULL;
}

int qtf_tls_send(void *handle, const void *buf, uint32_t len, uint32_t timeout_ms)
{
    qtf_tls_handle_t *tls_handle = (qtf_tls_handle_t *)handle;
    int ret = 0;

    if(!handle || !buf || !len)
    {
        dlg_error("invalid param");
        return -1;
    }
	// 发送数据
    while ((ret = mbedtls_ssl_write(&(tls_handle->ssl), (const unsigned char *)buf, len)) <= 0)
    {
        if (ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_READ && ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_WRITE)
        {
            dlg_error("mbedtls_ssl_write failed 0x%04x", ret < 0 ? -ret : ret);
            return -1;
        }
    }

    return ret;
}
int qtf_tls_recv(void *handle, void *buf, uint32_t len, uint32_t timeout_ms)
{
    qtf_tls_handle_t *tls_handle = (qtf_tls_handle_t *)handle;
    int ret = 0;

    if(!handle || !buf || !len)
    {
        dlg_error("invalid param");
        return -1;
    }
	// 接收数据
    while ((ret = mbedtls_ssl_read(&(tls_handle->ssl), (unsigned char *)buf, len)) <= 0)
    {
        if (ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_READ && ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_WRITE)
        {
            dlg_error("mbedtls_ssl_read failed 0x%04x", ret < 0 ? -ret : ret);
            return -1;
        }
    }

    return ret;
}

int qtf_tls_close(void *handle)
{
    int ret = 0;
    qtf_tls_handle_t *tls_handle = (qtf_tls_handle_t *)handle;

    if (!handle)
    {
        dlg_error("invalid param");
        return -1;
    }
	// 关闭连接，释放资源
    do
    {
        ret = mbedtls_ssl_close_notify(&(tls_handle->ssl));
    } while (ret == MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_READ || ret == MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_WRITE);

    __tls_net_deinit(tls_handle);
    free(tls_handle);

    return 0;
}

测试例子

测试代码，连接 https 测试服务器 httpbin.org，发送一个 get 请求，并接收服务器回复。

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void shell_tlstest_cmd(int argc, char *argv)
{
	qtf_tls_conn_param_t tls_param = {0};
	void *tls_handle = NULL;
	char recv_buf[1024] = {0};
	int ret = 0;

	const char request[] = "GET /get?a=1 HTTP/1.1\r\n"
		"Host: httpbin.org\r\n"
		"Connection: close\r\n"
		"\r\n";
	const char *test_ca_cert =
		{

			"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"
			"MIIDdTCCAl2gAwIBAgILBAAAAAABFUtaw5QwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQAwVzELMAkG\r\n"
			"A1UEBhMCQkUxGTAXBgNVBAoTEEdsb2JhbFNpZ24gbnYtc2ExEDAOBgNVBAsTB1Jv\r\n"
			"b3QgQ0ExGzAZBgNVBAMTEkdsb2JhbFNpZ24gUm9vdCBDQTAeFw05ODA5MDExMjAw\r\n"
			"MDBaFw0yODAxMjgxMjAwMDBaMFcxCzAJBgNVBAYTAkJFMRkwFwYDVQQKExBHbG9i\r\n"
			"YWxTaWduIG52LXNhMRAwDgYDVQQLEwdSb290IENBMRswGQYDVQQDExJHbG9iYWxT\r\n"
			"aWduIFJvb3QgQ0EwggEiMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQDaDuaZ\r\n"
			"jc6j40+Kfvvxi4Mla+pIH/EqsLmVEQS98GPR4mdmzxzdzxtIK+6NiY6arymAZavp\r\n"
			"xy0Sy6scTHAHoT0KMM0VjU/43dSMUBUc71DuxC73/OlS8pF94G3VNTCOXkNz8kHp\r\n"
			"1Wrjsok6Vjk4bwY8iGlbKk3Fp1S4bInMm/k8yuX9ifUSPJJ4ltbcdG6TRGHRjcdG\r\n"
			"snUOhugZitVtbNV4FpWi6cgKOOvyJBNPc1STE4U6G7weNLWLBYy5d4ux2x8gkasJ\r\n"
			"U26Qzns3dLlwR5EiUWMWea6xrkEmCMgZK9FGqkjWZCrXgzT/LCrBbBlDSgeF59N8\r\n"
			"9iFo7+ryUp9/k5DPAgMBAAGjQjBAMA4GA1UdDwEB/wQEAwIBBjAPBgNVHRMBAf8E\r\n"
			"BTADAQH/MB0GA1UdDgQWBBRge2YaRQ2XyolQL30EzTSo//z9SzANBgkqhkiG9w0B\r\n"
			"AQUFAAOCAQEA1nPnfE920I2/7LqivjTFKDK1fPxsnCwrvQmeU79rXqoRSLblCKOz\r\n"
			"yj1hTdNGCbM+w6DjY1Ub8rrvrTnhQ7k4o+YviiY776BQVvnGCv04zcQLcFGUl5gE\r\n"
			"38NflNUVyRRBnMRddWQVDf9VMOyGj/8N7yy5Y0b2qvzfvGn9LhJIZJrglfCm7ymP\r\n"
			"AbEVtQwdpf5pLGkkeB6zpxxxYu7KyJesF12KwvhHhm4qxFYxldBniYUr+WymXUad\r\n"
			"DKqC5JlR3XC321Y9YeRq4VzW9v493kHMB65jUr9TU/Qr6cf9tveCX4XSQRjbgbME\r\n"
			"HMUfpIBvFSDJ3gyICh3WZlXi/EjJKSZp4A==\r\n"
			"-----END CERTIFICATE-----"};
	tls_param.auth_mode = QTF_TLS_AUTH_MODE_CERT;
	tls_param.verify_mode = QTF_TLS_VERIFY_MODE_OPTIONAL;
	tls_param.hanshake_timeout_ms = 10000;
	tls_param.ca_cert = test_ca_cert;
	tls_param.ca_cert_len = strlen(test_ca_cert);
	tls_param.client_cert = NULL;
	tls_param.client_cert_len = 0;
	tls_param.client_key = NULL;
	tls_param.client_key_len = 0;
	tls_param.client_key_passwd = NULL;
	tls_param.client_key_passwd_len = 0;
	tls_param.psk = NULL;
	tls_param.psk_len = 0;
	tls_param.psk_id = NULL;
	tls_param.debug_level = QTF_TLS_DEBUG_LEVEL_ERROR;
	tls_param.tls_version = QTF_TLS_VERSION_TLS1_2;
	tls_param.max_frag_len = QTF_TLS_MAX_FRAG_LEN_NO_USE;

	tls_handle = qtf_tls_connect("httpbin.org", 443, &tls_param);
	if(tls_handle)
	{
		shell_printf("tls connect success\r\n");
	}
	else
	{
		shell_printf("tls connect failed\r\n");
		return;
	}

	ret = qtf_tls_send(tls_handle, request, strlen(request), 1000);
	if(ret > 0)
	{
		shell_printf("tls send success\r\n");
	}
	else
	{
		shell_printf("tls send failed\r\n");
		qtf_tls_close(tls_handle);
		return;
	}

	ret = qtf_tls_recv(tls_handle, recv_buf, sizeof(recv_buf), 1000);
	if(ret > 0)
	{
		shell_printf("tls recv success\r\n");
		shell_printf("recv:%s\r\n", recv_buf);
	}
	else
	{
		shell_printf("tls recv failed\r\n");
	}

	qtf_tls_close(tls_handle);

}

测试日志：

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[qt_idf_tls.c:250 qtf_tls_connect] Connecting to httpbin.org:443...
[mbedTLS]:[D:/workspace/QT/qt_idf/components/mbedtls/library/ssl_client.c]:[258]: got supported group(001d)

[mbedTLS]:[D:/workspace/QT/qt_idf/components/mbedtls/library/ssl_client.c]:[258]: got supported group(0017)

[mbedTLS]:[D:/workspace/QT/qt_idf/components/mbedtls/library/ssl_client.c]:[258]: got supported group(0018)

[mbedTLS]:[D:/workspace/QT/qt_idf/components/mbedtls/library/ssl_client.c]:[258]: got supported group(001e)

[mbedTLS]:[D:/workspace/QT/qt_idf/components/mbedtls/library/ssl_client.c]:[258]: got supported group(0019)

[mbedTLS]:[D:/workspace/QT/qt_idf/components/mbedtls/library/ssl_client.c]:[258]: got supported group(001a)

[mbedTLS]:[D:/workspace/QT/qt_idf/components/mbedtls/library/ssl_client.c]:[258]: got supported group(001b)

[mbedTLS]:[D:/workspace/QT/qt_idf/components/mbedtls/library/ssl_client.c]:[258]: got supported group(001c)

[mbedTLS]:[D:/workspace/QT/qt_idf/components/mbedtls/library/ssl_tls.c]:[7384]: x509_verify_cert() returned -9984 (-0x2700)

[mbedTLS]:[D:/workspace/QT/qt_idf/components/mbedtls/library/ssl_tls12_client.c]:[2762]: Perform PSA-based ECDH computation.

tls connect success
tls send success
tls recv success
recv:HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sun, 02 Jul 2023 12:02:04 GMT
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 220
Connection: close
Server: gunicorn/19.9.0
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true

{
  "args": {
    "a": "1"
  },
  "headers": {
    "Host": "httpbin.org",
    "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-64a1673a-5197ca4a2ff801443ac81bc6"
  },
  "origin": "223.73.211.183",
  "url": "https://httpbin.org/get?a=1"
}

Tls on Hacper's Blog

使用 wolfssl 实现 tls 通信示例

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参考文档