Cn-Programming on Hacper's Blog https://hacperme.com/tags/cn-programming/ Recent content in Cn-Programming on Hacper's Blog Hugo -- gohugo.io zh Sun, 26 Aug 2018 15:24:10 +0800 Learn Python with Steem #10 #11 笔记 https://hacperme.com/posts/notes/2018-08-26-learn-python-with-steem-10-11-note/ Sun, 26 Aug 2018 15:24:10 +0800 https://hacperme.com/posts/notes/2018-08-26-learn-python-with-steem-10-11-note/ Learn Python with Steem #10 #11 笔记 [toc] 划重点 获取用户的文章列表 通过 steem.Steem.get_account_history 获取用户的动态，从中筛选出文章的 permlink。 再用 steem.Steem.get_content 方法获取每篇文章的详细信息。 其实也可 Learn Python with Steem #10 #11 笔记

[toc]

划重点

  • 获取用户的文章列表 通过 steem.Steem.get_account_history 获取用户的动态，从中筛选出文章的 permlink。

    再用 steem.Steem.get_content 方法获取每篇文章的详细信息。

    其实也可以用 steem.blog.Blog 获取用户所有的文章信息。

编程练习

导入需要的Python包

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import csv
import pymongo
from datetime import datetime, timezone, timedelta
from steem.blog import Blog
from pprint import pprint
import math

定义一个日期转换函数

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def date_2_local_date(_utcdate, _timedelta):
    utc_date = _utcdate.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
    return utc_date.astimezone(timezone(timedelta(hours=_timedelta)))

定义计算声望的函数

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def parse_reputation(raw_reputation):
    return (math.log10(int(raw_reputation)) - 9) * 9 + 25

定义获取文章详情的函数，返回字典类型的数据

blob.jpg

定义获取用户所有文章的函数，返回字典

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def get_user_posts(account_name='yjcps'):
    blog = Blog(account_name)
    all_data = blog.all()
    posts = [get_post_detail(post) for post in all_data]
    return {
        'account_name':account_name,
        'count_posts':len(posts),
        'posts':posts
    }

保存所有文章数据为CSV文件

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def save_to_csv(data: list, file_path, encoding):
    keys = data[0].keys()
    with open(
            file_path, 'w', newline='', encoding=encoding,
            errors='ignore') as f:
        writer = csv.DictWriter(f, fieldnames=keys)
        writer.writeheader()
        writer.writerows(data)

将数据导入到 MongoDB 数据库

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# 配置数据库连接信息

MONGO_HOST = 'localhost'
MONGO_COLLECTION = 'steem'

mongo_client = pymongo.MongoClient(MONGO_HOST)
mongo_collection = mongo_client[MONGO_COLLECTION]

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def save_to_mongodb(data, tablename):
    if data is not None:
        if isinstance(data, list):
            result = mongo_collection[tablename].insert_many(data)
            if result.acknowledged:
                print('已导入%d条数据' % len(result.inserted_ids))
                return result.inserted_ids
        if isinstance(data, dict):
            if mongo_collection[tablename].update_one({
                    'account_name': data.get('account_name')}, {
                    '$set': data}, upsert=True):
                print('已导入%s的数据' % data.get('account_name'))
                return True
    else:
        return None

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yjcps = get_user_posts('yjcps')

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# 查看返回的数据
pprint(yjcps)

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{'account_name': 'yjcps',
 'count_posts': 35,
 'posts': [{'active': '2018-08-23 11:32:18',
            'active_voter': 'steempress,justyy,happyukgo,doraemon,superbing,dailystats,cryptocurrencyhk,jianan,steemtaker,cnbuddy,anxin,foodielifestyle,woolfe19861008,dailychina,yjcps,dongfengman,serenazz,shentrading,ethanlee,fanso,lilypang22,steempress-io,sweet-jenny8,shine.wong,turtlegraphics,regretfulwooden,witnesstools,happyfamily,ilovecoding',
            'author': 'yjcps',
            'author_reputation': 51.616714372034224,
            'body': '# Learn Python with Steem #09 笔记\n'
                    '\n'
                    '---\n'
                    '\n'
                    '[toc]\n'
                    '\n'
                    '## 划重点\n'
                    '\n'
                    '- 遍历字典\n'
                    '\n'
                    ' 利用dict.items()方法，用一个循环语句遍历整个字典的所有元素。\n'
                ...
                ...
                    "     'last_post_date': '2018-08-16-Thu 20:57:21',\n"
                    "     'post_count': 5926,\n"
                    "     'reputation': 67.26589131476406,\n"
                    "     'sbd_balance': '30.081 SBD',\n"
                    "     'sp': 5186.613554620994,\n"
                    "     'vesting_shares': 10501691.705077,\n"
                    "     'vot

limit_output extension: Maximum message size of 9996 exceeded with 57914 characters

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file_path = '{}_all_posts_{}.csv'.format(yjcps['account_name'], yjcps['count_posts'])

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# 保存数据为CSV文件，方便在Windows的Excel软件打开，选择编码为gbk,这样会丢弃不能编码的字符
# 可以选择utf-8编码，但需要从Excel中手动导入数据
# 如果日后编程需要取用，建议使用utf-8编码

save_to_csv(yjcps['posts'], file_path, 'gbk')

哈哈，我的所有文章数据，放到Excel里打开

图片.png 

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#保存到数据库
save_to_mongodb(yjcps, 'steem_posts')

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已导入yjcps的数据





True

成功保存到数据库

图片.png

取大鹏的数据看看

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dapeng = get_user_posts('dapeng')

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file_path = '{}_all_posts_{}.csv'.format(dapeng['account_name'], dapeng['count_posts'])

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save_to_csv(dapeng['posts'], file_path, 'gbk')

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save_to_mongodb(dapeng, 'steem_posts')

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已导入dapeng的数据





True

花了5分钟来获取大鹏的所有文章数据，一共497篇文章，难怪要等那么久，以后从数据库获取数据会快一点。
图片.png

再看看刘美女的文章

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deanliu = get_user_posts('deanliu')

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WARNING:root:Retry in 1s -- RPCErrorRecoverable: non-200 response: 502 from api.steemit.com
WARNING:root:Retry in 1s -- RPCErrorRecoverable: non-200 response: 502 from api.steemit.com

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file_path = '{}_all_posts_{}.csv'.format(deanliu['account_name'], deanliu['count_posts'])

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save_to_csv(deanliu['posts'], file_path, 'gbk')

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save_to_mongodb(deanliu, 'steem_posts')

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已导入deanliu的数据





True

获取刘美女的所有文章花了11分钟，一共878篇文章，高产作家！

图片.png

也成功保存了CSV文件。

图片.png

补充

为所有文章生成词云图片

导入需要的Python包

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import numpy as np
import jieba.analyse
import PIL.Image as Image
import re
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from collections import Counter
from wordcloud import WordCloud, ImageColorGenerator

定义一个清理文章的函数，只保留中文

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# 去除所有半角全角符号，只留字母、数字、中文。
def clean_text(text):
    # rule = re.compile(r"[^a-zA-Z0-9\u4e00-\u9fa5]")
    rule = re.compile(u"[^\u4e00-\u9fa5]")
    text = rule.sub(' ', text)
    return text

为文章分词，并统计每个关键词的频率

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def get_tag(text, cnt):
    re_text = clean_text(text)
    tag_list = jieba.analyse.extract_tags(re_text)
    for tag in tag_list:
        cnt[tag] += 1

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# 取出所有文章，放到一个列表里面
yjcps_all_post = [post['body'] for post in yjcps['posts']]

blob.jpg 

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# 获取词频
yjcps_post_counter = Counter()
for post in yjcps_all_post:
    get_tag(post, yjcps_post_counter)

blob.jpg 

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# 画词云图

# 指定中文字体
font = 'DroidSansFallbackFull.ttf'

wc = WordCloud(
    font_path=font,
    background_color="white",
    max_words=2000,
    max_font_size=100,
    width=800,
    height=800,
)

wc.generate_from_frequencies(yjcps_post_counter)

plt.figure(figsize=(8, 8))
plt.imshow(wc, interpolation="none")
plt.axis("off")
plt.show()

output_49_0.png

再来看看大鹏的文章关键词

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dapeng_all_post = [post['body'] for post in dapeng['posts']]
# 获取词频
dapeng_post_counter = Counter()
for post in dapeng_all_post:
    get_tag(post, dapeng_post_counter)

# 画词云图

# 指定中文字体
font = 'DroidSansFallbackFull.ttf'
# 指定背景图片
bg_image = np.array(Image.open("steemit.png"))

wc = WordCloud(
    font_path=font,
    background_color="white",
    max_words=2000,
    max_font_size=100,
    mask=bg_image)

wc.generate_from_frequencies(dapeng_post_counter)

plt.figure(figsize=(8, 8))
plt.imshow(wc, interpolation="none")
plt.axis("off")
plt.show()

output_51_0.png

同样的，再看看刘美女的关键词

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deanliu_all_post = [post['body'] for post in deanliu['posts']]
# 获取词频
deanliu_post_counter = Counter()
for post in deanliu_all_post:
    get_tag(post, deanliu_post_counter)

# 画词云图

# 指定中文字体
font = 'DroidSansFallbackFull.ttf'
# 指定背景图片
bg_image = np.array(Image.open("steemit2.png"))
# 取图片的颜色作为绘制词云图片的颜色
image_colors = ImageColorGenerator(bg_image)

wc = WordCloud(
    font_path=font,
    background_color="white",
    max_words=2000,
    max_font_size=20,
    mask=bg_image)

wc.generate_from_frequencies(deanliu_post_counter)

plt.figure(figsize=(8, 8))
plt.imshow(wc.recolor(color_func=image_colors), interpolation="none")
plt.axis("off")
plt.show()

output_53_0.png

绘制发帖时间图

导入Python包

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from windrose import WindroseAxes
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

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# 获取发帖时间,返回小时，获取的时间已处理为北京时间

def get_post_time(account:dict, _type:str='created')->list:
    posts = account['posts']
    time_format = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'
    posts_time = [datetime.strptime(post[_type], time_format)  for post in posts]
    hours = [time.hour for time in posts_time]
    return hours

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yjcps_post_time = get_post_time(yjcps)
dapeng_post_time = get_post_time(dapeng)
deanliu_post_time = get_post_time(deanliu)

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# 我所有的发帖时间
print(yjcps_post_time)

[15, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 14, 7, 22, 7, 10, 0, 12, 20, 20, 19, 13, 0, 21, 18, 11, 11, 12, 1, 18, 15, 13, 12, 14, 11, 0, 0, 23, 18, 21, 15]

绘制我的发帖时间图

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def make_time_image(time, colors=None, edgecolor='white', **kwargs):
    ws = np.array(time)
    wd = np.array(time) / 24 * 360

    # 统计各时间次数
    count, _ = np.histogram(time, bins=24)

    if colors:
        pass
    else:
        colors = [(94/255, 79/255, 162/255)]

    # 画图
    ax = WindroseAxes.from_ax()
    ax.bar(wd, ws, nsector=24, normed=True, colors=colors,
           bins=1, edgecolor=edgecolor, **kwargs)

    xticklabels = ['6:00', '3:00', '0:00',
                   '21:00', '18:00', '15:00', '12:00', '9:00']

    # 获取最大极径
    rmax = ax.get_rmax()
    fmt = "%.1f "
    yticklabels = np.linspace(0, rmax, 6) / rmax * max(count)
    yticklabels = [fmt % r for r in yticklabels[1:]]

    # 设置标签
    ax.set_yticklabels(yticklabels)
    ax.set_xticklabels(xticklabels)

    # 显示
    plt.show()

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make_time_image(yjcps_post_time)

image.png

绘制大鹏的发帖时间图

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make_time_image(dapeng_post_time)

image.png

最后绘制刘美女的发帖时间图

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make_time_image(deanliu_post_time)

image.png

看到词云图和发帖时间图，大家是否想起了大鹏举办的 “猜猜 TA 是谁” 活动？

猴年马月终于到了， @dapeng @angelina6688 山寨版的用Python画这两个图的方法就在这里了。

期待下个猴年马月， @dapeng 写个正宗的用R画词云图和发帖时间图。

[DA series - Learn Python with Steem]

我的笔记：

]]> Learn Python with Steem #09 笔记 https://hacperme.com/posts/notes/2018-08-20-learn-python-with-steem-09-note/ Mon, 20 Aug 2018 06:00:24 +0800 https://hacperme.com/posts/notes/2018-08-20-learn-python-with-steem-09-note/ Learn Python with Steem #09 笔记 [toc] 划重点 遍历字典 利用dict.items()方法，用一个循环语句遍历整个字典的所有元素。 转换 Reputation 和 Voting Power 的原始数据 直接获取的某些数 Learn Python with Steem #09 笔记

[toc]

划重点

  • 遍历字典 利用dict.items()方法，用一个循环语句遍历整个字典的所有元素。

  • 转换 Reputation 和 Voting Power 的原始数据

    直接获取的某些数据是生的，需要煮(转换)一下才能吃。

  • 解析时间

    使用Python的dateutil和datetime模块来解析和处理时间数据。

编程练习

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from steem import Steem
from steem.converter import Converter
# import sys
import math
from dateutil import parser
from dateutil.tz import *
from datetime import datetime, timezone, timedelta
from pprint import pprint

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class Steemains(Steem):
    def __init__(self, _account_name='yjcps'):
        Steem.__init__(self)
        self.account_name = _account_name
        self.account_info = self.get_account(self.account_name)

    @property
    def view_account_info(self):
        post_count = self.account_info.get('post_count')
        balance = self.account_info.get('balance')
        created = self.parse_date(
            self.account_info.get('created'))
        sbd_balance = self.account_info.get('sbd_balance')
        vesting_shares = self.parse_vests(
            self.account_info.get('vesting_shares'))
        delegated_vesting_shares = self.parse_vests(
            self.account_info.get('delegated_vesting_shares'))

        converter = Converter()
        sp = converter.vests_to_sp(vesting_shares)
        delegated_sp = converter.vests_to_sp(delegated_vesting_shares)

        voting_power = self.parse_voting_power(
            self.account_info.get('voting_power'))
        reputation = self.parse_reputation(
            self.account_info.get('reputation'))
        last_post_date = self.parse_date(
            self.account_info.get('last_root_post'))
        time_since_last_post = datetime.utcnow().replace(
            tzinfo=timezone.utc) - last_post_date
        days_since_last_post = time_since_last_post.days

        #         print(_timedelta)

        return {
            'account_name': self.account_name,
            'balance': balance,
            'created':
            self.utc_2_local_date(created).strftime(
                '%Y-%m-%d-%a %H:%M:%S'),
            'sbd_balance': sbd_balance,
            'vesting_shares': vesting_shares,
            'delegated_vesting_shares': delegated_vesting_shares,
            'sp': sp,
            'delegated_sp': delegated_sp,
            'post_count': post_count,
            'voting_power': voting_power,
            'reputation': reputation,
            'last_post_date':
            self.utc_2_local_date(last_post_date).strftime(
                '%Y-%m-%d-%a %H:%M:%S'),
            'days_since_last_post': days_since_last_post
        }

    def get_post_histry(self):
        pass

    @staticmethod
    def utc_2_local_date(_utcdate):
        _timedelta = datetime.now() - datetime.utcnow()
        return _utcdate.astimezone(timezone(_timedelta))

    @staticmethod
    def parse_vests(_vests):
        return float(_vests.split()[0])

    @staticmethod
    def parse_voting_power(voting_power):
        return int(voting_power) / 100

    @staticmethod
    def parse_reputation(raw_reputation):
        return (math.log10(int(raw_reputation)) - 9) * 9 + 25

    @staticmethod
    def parse_date(_date):
        utc_date = parser.parse(_date).replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
        return utc_date

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yjcps = Steemains('yjcps')
pprint(yjcps.view_account_info)

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{'account_name': 'yjcps',
 'balance': '0.437 STEEM',
 'created': '2018-01-04-Thu 13:25:18',
 'days_since_last_post': 0,
 'delegated_sp': 57.07436926020711,
 'delegated_vesting_shares': 115562.393455,
 'last_post_date': '2018-08-19-Sun 07:01:57',
 'post_count': 261,
 'reputation': 51.49449059489242,
 'sbd_balance': '4.499 SBD',
 'sp': 121.35204133768676,
 'vesting_shares': 245709.808613,
 'voting_power': 68.73}

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deanliu = Steemains('deanliu')
pprint(deanliu.view_account_info)
del deanliu

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{'account_name': 'deanliu',
 'balance': '105.649 STEEM',
 'created': '2016-07-14-Thu 13:56:39',
 'days_since_last_post': 0,
 'delegated_sp': 3028.3048743103254,
 'delegated_vesting_shares': 6131616.465781,
 'last_post_date': '2018-08-19-Sun 11:23:24',
 'post_count': 9998,
 'reputation': 74.33099682076877,
 'sbd_balance': '189.594 SBD',
 'sp': 17333.498512941853,
 'vesting_shares': 35096322.630247,
 'voting_power': 55.17}

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dapeng = Steemains('dapeng')
pprint(dapeng.view_account_info)
del dapeng

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{'account_name': 'dapeng',
 'balance': '229.299 STEEM',
 'created': '2016-10-14-Fri 19:03:39',
 'days_since_last_post': 2,
 'delegated_sp': 3909.296719340023,
 'delegated_vesting_shares': 7915420.822822,
 'last_post_date': '2018-08-16-Thu 20:57:21',
 'post_count': 5926,
 'reputation': 67.26589131476406,
 'sbd_balance': '30.081 SBD',
 'sp': 5186.613554620994,
 'vesting_shares': 10501691.705077,
 'voting_power': 69.86}

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for key,value in yjcps.view_account_info.items():
    print(key,':',value)

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account_name : yjcps
balance : 0.437 STEEM
created : 2018-01-04-Thu 13:25:18
sbd_balance : 4.499 SBD
vesting_shares : 245709.808613
delegated_vesting_shares : 115562.393455
sp : 121.35205839875916
delegated_sp : 57.07437728438151
post_count : 261
voting_power : 68.73
reputation : 51.49449059489242
last_post_date : 2018-08-19-Sun 07:01:57
days_since_last_post : 0

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display_message = '''
Username: \t{account_name}
Reputation: \t{reputation}
Created:\t{created}
Last Post: \t{last_post_date} ({days_since_last_post} days ago)
===========================================
STEEM Balance:\t{balance}
SBD Balance:\t{sbd_balance}
SP: \t\t{sp}
Delegated SP:\t{delegated_sp}
Total Posts:\t{post_count}
Voting Power:\t{voting_power}%
'''.format(**yjcps.view_account_info)
print(display_message)

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Username:   yjcps
Reputation:     51.49449059489242
Created:    2018-01-04-Thu 13:25:18
Last Post:  2018-08-19-Sun 07:01:57 (0 days ago)
===========================================
STEEM Balance:  0.437 STEEM
SBD Balance:    4.499 SBD
SP:         121.35205862624704
Delegated SP:   57.07437749836572
Total Posts:    261
Voting Power:   68.73%

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pprint(yjcps.account_info)

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{'active': {'account_auths': [],
            'key_auths': [['STM52aJdPyehuxigiDfYngKBL8PSAcESNmYENdaVnwRuKoiP1M9eu',
                           1]],
            'weight_threshold': 1},
 'average_bandwidth': '56831815207',
 'average_market_bandwidth': 1279817315,
 'balance': '0.437 STEEM',
 'can_vote': True,
 'comment_count': 0,
 'created': '2018-01-04T05:25:18',
 'curation_rewards': 231,
 'delegated_vesting_shares': '115562.393455 VESTS',
 'guest_bloggers': [],
 'id': 556829,
 'json_metadata': '{"profile":{"name":"hacper","profile_image":"https://s.gravatar.com/avatar/6f1c379a4a2c2190a4aa0921836e98b1?s=80","location":"GuangDong, '
                  'China","about":"最好的选择莫过于投资自己，写作是其一！","website":"https://steemit.com/@yjcps","cover_image":"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmTvZbcaXYAcpTAjyNLp4qa9ttMu2Eo5wHSSzTaQSK4tPj/%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87.png","bitcoin":"123YPnYjJmANKtiBr4DTsGJcncxxu2q6y3","ethereum":"0x50be5c7e721b8e146167dccb35e3c94156e13f58"}}',
 'last_account_recovery': '1970-01-01T00:00:00',
 'last_account_update': '2018-08-10T02:42:45',
 'last_bandwidth_update': '2018-08-19T02:06:15',
 'last_market_bandwidth_update': '2018-08-16T01:42:00',
 'last_owner_update': '2018-01-04T14:49:21',
 'last_post': '2018-08-18T23:01:57',
 'last_root_post': '2018-08-18T23:01:57',
 'last_vote_time': '2018-08-19T02:06:15',
 'lifetime_bandwidth': '615056000000',
 'lifetime_market_bandwidth': '22160000000',
 'lifetime_vote_count': 0,
 'market_history': [],
 'memo_key': 'STM6spBZkmNSe9fccLvsms7bGjSRaE4gsRbTAxNLnEiFHyhP9ww1f',
 'mined': False,
 'name': 'yjcps',
 'next_vesting_withdrawal': '1969-12-31T23:59:59',
 'other_history': [],
 'owner': {'account_auths': [],
           'key_auths': [['STM5gJExNnQn5aLjpp8cn7nngfYsutN6NCJmKfn9dFgji6fZrHkwH',
                          1]],
           'weight_threshold': 1},
 'post_count': 261,
 'post_history': [],
 'posting': {'account_auths': [['busy.app', 1],
                               ['dlive.app', 1],
                               ['dtube.app', 1],
                               ['fundition.app', 1],
                               ['partiko-steemcon', 1],
                               ['smartsteem', 1],
                               ['steemauto', 1],
                               ['steemgg.app', 1],
                               ['steemhunt.com', 1]],
             'key_auths': [['STM8bbH2Sfq72PshhVeNpSRQAa4XeiDwTNq4LdY8hxFMZkhfSGZU9',
                            1]],
             'weight_threshold': 1},
 'posting_rewards': 54307,
 'proxied_vsf_votes': [0, 0, 0, 0],
 'proxy': '',
 'received_vesting_shares': '0.000000 VESTS',
 'recovery_account': 'skenan',
 'reputation': '878683129879',
 'reset_account': 'null',
 'reward_sbd_balance': '0.000 SBD',
 'reward_steem_balance': '0.000 STEEM',
 'reward_vesting_balance': '0.000000 VESTS',
 'reward_vesting_steem': '0.000 STEEM',
 'savings_balance': '0.000 STEEM',
 'savings_sbd_balance': '0.000 SBD',
 'savings_sbd_last_interest_payment': '1970-01-01T00:00:00',
 'savings_sbd_seconds': '0',
 'savings_sbd_seconds_last_update': '1970-01-01T00:00:00',
 'savings_withdraw_requests': 0,
 'sbd_balance': '4.499 SBD',
 'sbd_last_interest_payment': '2018-08-14T00:32:57',
 'sbd_seconds': '1907954703',
 'sbd_seconds_last_update': '2018-08-18T22:40:57',
 'tags_usage': [],
 'to_withdraw': 0,
 'transfer_history': [],
 'vesting_balance': '0.000 STEEM',
 'vesting_shares': '245709.808613 VESTS',
 'vesting_withdraw_rate': '0.000000 VESTS',
 'vote_history': [],
 'voting_power': 6873,
 'withdraw_routes': 0,
 'withdrawn': 0,
 'witness_votes': ['abit',
                   'bobdos',
                   'ety001',
                   'justyy',
                   'skenan',
                   'therealwolf'],
 'witnesses_voted_for': 6}

1

del yjcps

补充

解析日期字符串

python-dateutil

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# ISO format
dt = parser.parse("2018-01-04T14:49:21")
print(dt)
print(type(dt))

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2018-01-04 14:49:21
<class 'datetime.datetime'>

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# 设置时区
TZOFFSETS = {"BRST": -10800}
dt = parser.parse("Thu Sep 25 10:36:28 BRST 2003",  tzinfos=TZOFFSETS)
print(dt)
print(type(dt))

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2003-09-25 10:36:28-03:00
<class 'datetime.datetime'>

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dt = parser.parse("2003-09-25T10:49:41.5-03:00")
print(dt)

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2003-09-25 10:49:41.500000-03:00

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dt = parser.parse("20030925T104941")
print(dt)

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2003-09-25 10:49:41

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dt = parser.parse("2003.Sep.25")
print(dt)

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2003-09-25 00:00:00

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dt = parser.parse("Tuesday, April 12, 1952 AD 3:30:42pm PST", ignoretz=True)
print(dt)

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1952-04-12 15:30:42

时区转换

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# 当前本地时间
print(datetime.now())
# 当前UTC时间
print(datetime.utcnow())

print()

# 时差
dt = datetime.now() - datetime.utcnow()
print(dt)

print()

# 设置时区为UTC+0:00
utc_dt = datetime.utcnow().replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
print(utc_dt)

# 设置时区为UTC+8:00
_bj_dt = utc_dt.astimezone(timezone(dt))
print(_bj_dt)

# 设置时区为UTC+5:00
bj_dt = utc_dt.astimezone(timezone(timedelta(hours=5)))
print(bj_dt)

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2018-08-19 11:35:33.051849
2018-08-19 03:35:33.051849

8:00:00

2018-08-19 03:35:33.052827+00:00
2018-08-19 11:35:33.052827+08:00
2018-08-19 08:35:33.052827+05:00

时间格式转换

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dt = parser.parse("2018-08-18T23:01:57")
print(dt)

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2018-08-18 23:01:57

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# datetime 2 timestamp
timestamp = dt.timestamp()
print(timestamp)

print()

# timestamp 2 datetime
print(datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp))
print(datetime.utcfromtimestamp(timestamp))

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1534604517.0

2018-08-18 23:01:57
2018-08-18 15:01:57

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# datetime 2 string
str_time = dt.strftime('%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S')
print(str_time)
print(type(str_time))

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2018/08/18 23:01:57
<class 'str'>

[DA series - Learn Python with Steem]

我的笔记：

]]> Learn Python with Steem #08 笔记 https://hacperme.com/posts/notes/2018-08-16-learn-python-with-steem-08-e7ac94e8aeb0/ Thu, 16 Aug 2018 06:41:31 +0800 https://hacperme.com/posts/notes/2018-08-16-learn-python-with-steem-08-e7ac94e8aeb0/ Learn Python with Steem #08 笔记 [toc] 划重点 模块、包 模块是一个XXX.py文件，Python中以模块的方式组织代码片段（函数，类，变量）。 包是一个目录，里面有一些 Learn Python with Steem #08 笔记

[toc]

划重点

  • 模块、包 模块是一个XXX.py文件，Python中以模块的方式组织代码片段（函数，类，变量）。

    包是一个目录，里面有一些模块或者子目录，Python中以包的方式管理模块。

  • 使用模块

    要使用模块，需要先导入模块，使用关键字import来导入模块。

    这是我们使用Python标准库和第三方库的方式。

  • 安装模块

    第三方模块需要自己安装，可以通过Python的包管理工具pip安装、还可以下载模块源码来安装。

编程练习

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from steem import Steem
s = Steem()
balance = s.get_account('yjcps')['sbd_balance']
print(balance)

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4.484 SBD

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%%file check_balance.py

from steem import Steem
import sys

account_name = sys.argv[1]
s = Steem()
balance = s.get_account(account_name)['sbd_balance']
print(balance)

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Overwriting check_balance.py

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!python check_balance.py yjcps

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4.484 SBD

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!python check_balance.py dapeng

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129.840 SBD

补充

pip的安装与使用

  • 安装pip

先下载get-pip.py文件

curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py -o get-pip.py

也可以在浏览器访问网址 https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py ，直接下载保存文件。

然后终端用Python执行这个文件

python get-pip.py

  • 升级pip
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!pip install -U pip

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Requirement already up-to-date: pip in i:\python~1\lib\site-packages (18.0)

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!python -m pip install -U pip

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Requirement already up-to-date: pip in i:\python~1\lib\site-packages (18.0)
  • 用pip安装Python包
1

!pip install requests

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Collecting requests
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/65/47/7e02164a2a3db50ed6d8a6ab1d6d60b69c4c3fdf57a284257925dfc12bda/requests-2.19.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (91kB)
Requirement already satisfied: chardet<3.1.0,>=3.0.2 in i:\python~1\lib\site-packages (from requests) (3.0.4)
Requirement already satisfied: urllib3<1.24,>=1.21.1 in i:\python~1\lib\site-packages (from requests) (1.22)
Requirement already satisfied: idna<2.8,>=2.5 in i:\python~1\lib\site-packages (from requests) (2.6)
Requirement already satisfied: certifi>=2017.4.17 in i:\python~1\lib\site-packages (from requests) (2018.4.16)
Installing collected packages: requests
Successfully installed requests-2.19.1


wxpy 0.3.9.8 has requirement itchat==1.2.32, but you'll have itchat 1.3.10 which is incompatible.
pyspider 0.3.10 has requirement tornado<=4.5.3,>=3.2, but you'll have tornado 5.0.2 which is incompatible.

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# 指定包的版本
!pip install requests==2.17.1     

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Collecting requests==2.17.1
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/50/41/f6fdaf24a80c726a72f76b15869a20734b7a527081129a380ddce99ffae0/requests-2.17.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (87kB)
Requirement already satisfied: chardet<3.1.0,>=3.0.2 in i:\python~1\lib\site-packages (from requests==2.17.1) (3.0.4)
Requirement already satisfied: urllib3<1.22,>=1.21.1 in i:\python~1\lib\site-packages (from requests==2.17.1) (1.21.1)
Requirement already satisfied: certifi>=2017.4.17 in i:\python~1\lib\site-packages (from requests==2.17.1) (2018.4.16)
Requirement already satisfied: idna<2.6,>=2.5 in i:\python~1\lib\site-packages (from requests==2.17.1) (2.5)
Installing collected packages: requests
Successfully installed requests-2.17.1


wxpy 0.3.9.8 has requirement itchat==1.2.32, but you'll have itchat 1.3.10 which is incompatible.
pyspider 0.3.10 has requirement tornado<=4.5.3,>=3.2, but you'll have tornado 5.0.2 which is incompatible.
  • 安装Wheels格式的包

可以在 https://pypi.org/ 网站搜索Python包，下载与你环境对应的wheel文件

图片.png 

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# 安装命令

!pip install K:\scrypt-0.8.5-cp36-cp36m-win32.whl

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Requirement already satisfied: scrypt==0.8.5 from file:///K:/scrypt-0.8.5-cp36-cp36m-win32.whl in i:\python~1\lib\site-packages (0.8.5)


Requirement 'K:\\scrypt-0.8.5-cp36-cp36m-win32.whl' looks like a filename, but the file does not exist
  • 指定安装的镜像源

一般来说，使用国内的镜像源按Python包速度更快、更顺畅。

  • V2EX：http://pypi.v2ex.com/simple
  • 豆瓣：http://pypi.douban.com/simple
  • 中国科学技术大学：http://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/
  • 清华：https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
1

!pip install -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple/ requests

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Looking in indexes: https://pypi.douban.com/simple/
Collecting requests
  Downloading https://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/65/47/7e02164a2a3db50ed6d8a6ab1d6d60b69c4c3fdf57a284257925dfc12bda/requests-2.19.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (91kB)
Requirement already satisfied: urllib3<1.24,>=1.21.1 in i:\python~1\lib\site-packages (from requests) (1.21.1)
Requirement already satisfied: certifi>=2017.4.17 in i:\python~1\lib\site-packages (from requests) (2018.4.16)
Requirement already satisfied: idna<2.8,>=2.5 in i:\python~1\lib\site-packages (from requests) (2.5)
Requirement already satisfied: chardet<3.1.0,>=3.0.2 in i:\python~1\lib\site-packages (from requests) (3.0.4)
Installing collected packages: requests
Successfully installed requests-2.19.1


wxpy 0.3.9.8 has requirement itchat==1.2.32, but you'll have itchat 1.3.10 which is incompatible.
pyspider 0.3.10 has requirement tornado<=4.5.3,>=3.2, but you'll have tornado 5.0.2 which is incompatible.

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# 升级
!pip install --upgrade requests 

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Collecting requests
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/65/47/7e02164a2a3db50ed6d8a6ab1d6d60b69c4c3fdf57a284257925dfc12bda/requests-2.19.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: chardet<3.1.0,>=3.0.2 in i:\python~1\lib\site-packages (from requests) (3.0.4)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: certifi>=2017.4.17 in i:\python~1\lib\site-packages (from requests) (2018.4.16)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: idna<2.8,>=2.5 in i:\python~1\lib\site-packages (from requests) (2.5)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: urllib3<1.24,>=1.21.1 in i:\python~1\lib\site-packages (from requests) (1.21.1)
Installing collected packages: requests
  Found existing installation: requests 2.17.1
    Uninstalling requests-2.17.1:
      Successfully uninstalled requests-2.17.1
Successfully installed requests-2.19.1


wxpy 0.3.9.8 has requirement itchat==1.2.32, but you'll have itchat 1.3.10 which is incompatible.
pyspider 0.3.10 has requirement tornado<=4.5.3,>=3.2, but you'll have tornado 5.0.2 which is incompatible.
  • 用pip卸载Python包
1

!pip uninstall requests -y

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Uninstalling requests-2.19.1:
  Successfully uninstalled requests-2.19.1
  • 查看哪些包可升级
1

!pip list --outdated

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Package               Version   Latest    Type 
--------------------- --------- --------- -----
aiohttp               3.2.1     3.3.2     wheel
astroid               1.6.4     2.0.4     wheel
Automat               0.6.0     0.7.0     wheel
beautifulsoup4        4.6.0     4.6.3     wheel
bitarray              0.8.1     0.8.3     sdist
certifi               2018.4.16 2018.8.13 wheel
...
twisted               17.9.0    18.7.0    sdist
urllib3               1.21.1    1.23      wheel
WeRoBot               1.4.1     1.6.0     wheel
widgetsnbextension    3.2.1     3.4.0     wheel
WsgiDAV               2.3.0     2.4.1     wheel
wxPython              4.0.1     4.0.3     wheel
yarl                  1.2.4     1.2.6     wheel
  • 查看包的安装信息
1

 !pip show --files requests

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Name: requests
Version: 2.19.1
Summary: Python HTTP for Humans.
Home-page: http://python-requests.org
Author: Kenneth Reitz
Author-email: me@kennethreitz.org
License: Apache 2.0
Location: i:\python~1\lib\site-packages
Requires: idna, urllib3, chardet, certifi
Required-by: yarg, wxpy, WeRoBot, requests-download, pyspider, pynsist, itchat, httpie
Files:
  requests-2.19.1.dist-info\DESCRIPTION.rst
  requests-2.19.1.dist-info\INSTALLER
  requests-2.19.1.dist-info\LICENSE.txt
  ...
  requests\status_codes.py
  requests\structures.py
  requests\utils.py
  • 导出包的安装信息到指定文件
1

!pip freeze > requirements.txt

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%pycat requirements.txt

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aiohttp==3.2.1
appdirs==1.4.3
asn1crypto==0.24.0
astroid==1.6.4
async-timeout==3.0.0
...
windrose==1.6.3
wrapt==1.10.11
WsgiDAV==2.3.0
wxpy==0.3.9.8
wxPython==4.0.1
xmltodict==0.11.0
yapf==0.22.0
yarg==0.1.9
yarl==1.2.4
zope.interface==4.5.0
  • 从指定文件安装指定的包
1

!pip install -r requirements.txt

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Requirement already satisfied: aiohttp==3.2.1 in i:\python~1\lib\site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 1)) (3.2.1)
Requirement already satisfied: appdirs==1.4.3 in i:\python~1\lib\site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 2)) (1.4.3)
Requirement already satisfied: asn1crypto==0.24.0 in i:\python~1\lib\site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 3)) (0.24.0)
Requirement already satisfied: astroid==1.6.4 in d:\users\tracis\appdata\roaming\python\python36\site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 4)) (1.6.4)
Requirement already satisfied: async-timeout==3.0.0 in i:\python~1\lib\site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 5)) (3.0.0)
...
Requirement already satisfied: pip>=9.0.1 in i:\python~1\lib\site-packages (from pipenv==2018.7.1->-r requirements.txt (line 91)) (18.0)

[DA series - Learn Python with Steem]

我的笔记：

]]> Learn Python with Steem #07 笔记 https://hacperme.com/posts/notes/2018-08-07-learn-python-with-steem-07-note/ Tue, 07 Aug 2018 10:26:12 +0800 https://hacperme.com/posts/notes/2018-08-07-learn-python-with-steem-07-note/ Learn Python with Steem #07 笔记 [toc] 划重点 类与对象 把一些具有共同特征的对象的属性和行为（方法）抽取出来，将其抽象化，定义为类。 也就是说类是对象的模板，按照模板（ Learn Python with Steem #07 笔记

[toc]

划重点

  • 类与对象 把一些具有共同特征的对象的属性和行为（方法）抽取出来，将其抽象化，定义为类。
    也就是说类是对象的模板，按照模板（类）实例化（具体化），这就是对象。
    类是抽象的概念，而对象是具体的东西。

  • 类的属性与方法

    类的属性和方法都是一群对象的共同特征。
    属性是那些对象的静态特征，在类中定义的变量。
    方法是那些对象的动态特征（行为），在类中定义的函数。
    这么说也不太准确，有些类中的有些方法和属性是关于类的，而与对象无关系。
    通过定义类，实现了对数据和对数据的操作的封装。

编程练习

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# 作业
class Person(object):
    def __init__(self, _name, _height, _weight, _gender):
        self.name = _name
        self.height = _height
        self.weight = _weight
        self.gender = _gender
        self.count_update = 0

    def get_bmi(self):
        bmi = sel.weight / (self.height**2)
        return bmi

    def rename(self, _name):
        if self.name == _name:
            pass
        else:
            self.name = _name
            self.count_update += 1


me = Person('zzzABC', 1.75, 65, 'Male')
print(me.name)
me.rename('zzzABC')
me.rename('kkkABC')
print('========= After Update ===========')
print(me.name)
print(me.count_update)

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zzzABC
========= After Update ===========
kkkABC
1

补充

对象属性和类属性

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class People(object):
    # 定义类属性count_people，与所有对象共享
    count_people = 0

    # 创建对象时的初始化操作
    def __init__(self, _name):
        # 定义对象属性name
        self.name = _name
        People.count_people += 1

    # 删除对象时的操作
    def __del__(self):
        People.count_people -= 1


me = People('Yjcps')
print(me.name)
print(me.count_people)
print()

friend = People('Tom')
print(friend.name)
print(friend.count_people)
print(me.count_people)
print()

del friend
print(me.count_people)
print()

del me
print(People.count_people)

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Yjcps
1

Tom
2
2

1

0

静态方法和类方法

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class Triangle(object):
    def __init__(self, a, b, c):
        self._a = a
        self._b = b
        self._c = c

    # 静态方法，通过装饰器@staticmethod定义，静态方法属于类方法
    @staticmethod
    def is_valid(a, b, c):
        return a + b > c and b + c > a and a + c > b

    # 类方法使用装器@classmethod定义，cls 表示类本身
    @classmethod
    def create_by_default(cls):
        a = 3
        b = 4
        c = 5
        return cls(a, b, c)

    # 对象的方法，self表示对象本身
    def perimeter(self):
        return self._a + self._b + self._c


# 检查是否可以构成三角形
if Triangle.is_valid(1, 2, 3):
    t1 = Triangle(1, 2, 3)
else:
    print("Can't creat a Triangle")

# 通过类方法创建默认的三角形
t2 = Triangle.create_by_default()

# 通过对象的方法计算三角形的周长
print('perimeter:', t2.perimeter())

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Can't creat a Triangle
perimeter: 12

抽象方法

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import abc


class Shape(object):
    def __init__(self, _name):
        self.name = _name

    # 定义没有（可能无法）实现的方法，需要在子类中改写此方法
    @abc.abstractmethod
    def perimeter(self):
        '''Method should be rewrited'''


t1 = Shape('Shape')
t1.perimeter()

继承

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import abc


# 定义父类（基类）
class Shape(object):
    def __init__(self, _name):
        self.name = _name

    # 定义没有（可能无法）实现的方法，需要在子类中改写此方法
    @abc.abstractmethod
    def perimeter(self):
        '''Method should be rewrited'''


# 定义子类 继承Shape类
class Triangle(Shape):
    def __init__(self, a, b, c):
        # 调用父类的初始化方法
        Shape.__init__(self, 'Triangle')

        self._a = a
        self._b = b
        self._c = c

    # 在子类中改写perimeter方法
    def perimeter(self):
        return self._a + self._b + self._c


t1 = Triangle(3, 4, 5)
print(t1.name)
print(t1.perimeter())

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Triangle
12

多态

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class Square(Shape):
    def __init__(self, a):
        # 调用父类的初始化方法
        Shape.__init__(self, 'Square')
        self._a = a

    # 在子类中改写perimeter方法

    def perimeter(self):
        return self._a**2


t1 = Triangle(3, 4, 5)
s1 = Square(5)

# 不同的类可以有相同名字的方法，它们的行为可以不同，这就是多态。
print(t1.perimeter())
print(s1.perimeter())

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12
25

[DA series - Learn Python with Steem]

我的笔记：

]]> Learn Python with Steem #06 笔记 https://hacperme.com/posts/notes/2018-08-04-learn-python-with-steem-06-note/ Sat, 04 Aug 2018 00:10:28 +0800 https://hacperme.com/posts/notes/2018-08-04-learn-python-with-steem-06-note/ Learn Python with Steem #06 笔记 [toc] 划重点 函数 函数是实现某个特定功能的一段代码。 将同一类相对独立的功能写成一个个函数，放到同一个py文件里，这就是一个模块。 你可 Learn Python with Steem #06 笔记

[toc]

划重点

  • 函数 函数是实现某个特定功能的一段代码。

    将同一类相对独立的功能写成一个个函数，放到同一个py文件里，这就是一个模块。

    你可以试试输入 help(math) 看是不是这样的。

  • 函数的结构

    函数由输入参数、函数体、输出参数组成。

    通过输入参数接收要处理的数据，

    在函数体里实现要完成的功能，

    最后将计算结果通过输出参数返回给使用者。

编程练习

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# 作业
def my_average(data):
    average = (sum(data) - max(data) - min(data)) / (len(data) - 2)
    return average


my_list = [1, 8, 3, 6, 2, 345, -23, 7]
answer = my_average(my_list)
print(answer)

1

4.5

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# 将计算busy机器人点赞比例的功能写成一个函数
import requests


def busy_vote_percent(username):

    minVests = 20000000
    # maxVests = 4000000000000  # maxVests 不是这个值
    maxVests = 5000000000000
    limitVests = 10000000000000
    minPercent = 6 / 100
    maxPercent = 2500 / 100

    url = 'https://steemdb.com/api/accounts?account=' + username
    response = requests.get(url)
    data = response.json()[0]
    followers_mvest = data.get('followers_mvest')
    if followers_mvest < minVests or followers_mvest > limitVests:
        percent = 0
    else:
        percent = (10000 / maxVests) * followers_mvest
        #         print(percent)
        percent = min(max(percent, minPercent), maxPercent) / 100

    print('Hi,{}\nfollowers_mvest:{}\nyour busy vote percent is: {:.2%}\n'.
          format(username, followers_mvest, percent))


#     return percent

busy_vote_percent('yjcps')
busy_vote_percent('dapeng')
busy_vote_percent('shine.wong')
busy_vote_percent('deanliu')

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Hi,yjcps
followers_mvest:93266616.60498305
your busy vote percent is: 0.19%

Hi,dapeng
followers_mvest:1856251363.8415272
your busy vote percent is: 3.71%

Hi,shine.wong
followers_mvest:261131007.75513688
your busy vote percent is: 0.52%

Hi,deanliu
followers_mvest:18379826592.987816
your busy vote percent is: 25.00%

补充

变量的作用域

变量的作用域指的是变量的可见范围，分两类：

  • 全局变量
  • 局部变量
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# 全局变量
a = 20
b = 30
c = 5


def my_fun():
    # 局部变量
    a = 7
    b = 10
    print('call my_fun：a={}, b={}, c={}'.format(a, b, c))

#     在函数里面有定义a,b变量属于局部变量，
#     在使用的时候优先使用局部变量，
#     看不见函数外面的全局变量

#     函数里面没有定义c变量
#     使用的时候会去查找外面的全局变量


my_fun()

print('a={}, b={}, c={}'.format(a, b, c))

# 在外面看不见函数里面的局部变量

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call my_fun：a=7, b=10, c=5
a=20, b=30, c=5

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# 全局变量
a = 20
b = 30
c = 5


def my_fun():

    # 局部变量
    a = 7

    # 可以用global声明b是函数外面的全局变量
    global b
    b = 10
    print('call my_fun：a={}, b={}, c={}'.format(a, b, c))


my_fun()

print('a={}, b={}, c={}'.format(a, b, c))

# 在函数外面可以看到变量b被修改了

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call my_fun：a=7, b=10, c=5
a=20, b=10, c=5

匿名函数

Python中用lambda定义匿名函数

格式： lambda 参数:表达式

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f = lambda x: x * 2 + x + 2

## 等价f(x)
# def f(x):
#     return x * 2 + x + 2

print(f(2))
print(f(5))

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递归函数

在函数里面调用函数自己本身来解决问题，这就是递归。

在遇到一些定义，数据结构或问题的解决方法是递归的时候，可以考虑使用递归函数。

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# 经典例子：计算n的阶乘n!


def factorial(n):

    # 递归出口
    if n == 0:
        return 1
    # 递归体
    return n * factorial(n - 1)


print(factorial(4))
print(factorial(9))

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24
362880

装饰器

在Python中可以用装饰器来修饰函数。

使用装饰器的目的在于：为原有函数添加新的功能但不修改原来的程序。

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# 定义一个装饰器
def print_fun_name(func):
    def wrapper(*args, **kw):
        print('-----------------')
        print('call function:{}'.format(func.__name__))
        print('-----------------')
        return func(*args, **kw)

    return wrapper


# 使用装饰器


@print_fun_name
def say_hello(name):
    print('Hello', name)


@print_fun_name
def say_bye(name):
    print('Bye', name)


say_hello('yjcps')
say_bye('hacper')

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-----------------
call function:say_hello
-----------------
Hello yjcps
-----------------
call function:say_bye
-----------------
Bye hacper

[DA series - Learn Python with Steem]

我的笔记：

]]> Learn Python with Steem #05 笔记 https://hacperme.com/posts/notes/2018-08-02-learn-python-with-steem-05-note/ Thu, 02 Aug 2018 12:40:11 +0800 https://hacperme.com/posts/notes/2018-08-02-learn-python-with-steem-05-note/ Learn Python with Steem #05 笔记 [toc] 划重点 字典 字典是Python内置的一种可变的数据结构，也是一种容器，可以放置任意类型的元素， 特点是用 {} 定义，元素以键值对的形 Learn Python with Steem #05 笔记

[toc]

划重点

  • 字典 字典是Python内置的一种可变的数据结构，也是一种容器，可以放置任意类型的元素，

    特点是用 {} 定义，元素以键值对的形式组织，键和值是一一对应的映射关系。

    字典的常用操作：创建，访问，更新，删除。

  • 列表

    列表也是Python中一种可变的数据结构，其元素可以是任意类型，用 [] 定义。

    列表的常用操作：创建，访问，添加，删除，切片，排序。

编程练习

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# 作业
my_list = [n**3 for n in range(1, 11)]
print(my_list)

my_dictionary = dict(zip(range(1, 11), [n**2 for n in range(1, 11)]))
print(my_dictionary)

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[1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216, 343, 512, 729, 1000]
{1: 1, 2: 4, 3: 9, 4: 16, 5: 25, 6: 36, 7: 49, 8: 64, 9: 81, 10: 100}

补充

列表

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# 创建

# 元素可以是任意类型
my_list = [3, 'apple', 3.14, [1, 2, 3], {'name': 'yjcps'}]
print(my_list)

# 列表生成式
my_num = [n+1 for n in range(10)]
print(my_num)

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[3, 'apple', 3.14, [1, 2, 3], {'name': 'yjcps'}]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

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5

# 使用整数下标访问元素，第一个元素从0开始
print(my_list[0])
print(my_list[2])
# 可以使用负数
print(my_list[-3])

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3
3.14
3.14

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# 元素个数，列表长度
print(len(my_list))

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5

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7

# 添加元素
my_list.append(555) # 添加到末尾
print(my_list)
my_list.insert(-2, 'steem') #指定位置
print(my_list)
my_list.extend([16,22,73,45])
print(my_list)

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[3, 'apple', 3.14, [1, 2, 3], {'name': 'yjcps'}, 555]
[3, 'apple', 3.14, [1, 2, 3], 'steem', {'name': 'yjcps'}, 555]
[3, 'apple', 3.14, [1, 2, 3], 'steem', {'name': 'yjcps'}, 555, 16, 22, 73, 45]

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# 遍历列表
for item in my_list:
    print(item)

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11

3
apple
3.14
[1, 2, 3]
steem
{'name': 'yjcps'}
555
16
22
73
45

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# 删除元素
my_list.remove(3.14)
print(my_list)
del my_list[-1]
print(my_list)
my_list.remove('apple')
print(my_list)

print()

my_list.clear() # 清空
print(my_list)

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[3, 'apple', [1, 2, 3], 'steem', {'name': 'yjcps'}, 555, 16, 22, 73, 45]
[3, 'apple', [1, 2, 3], 'steem', {'name': 'yjcps'}, 555, 16, 22, 73]
[3, [1, 2, 3], 'steem', {'name': 'yjcps'}, 555, 16, 22, 73]

[]

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8

# 切片 list[起:s止:步伐]

print(my_num)
print(my_num[2:5])
print(my_num[1:8:2])
print(my_num[3:-3])
print(my_num[-2:3:-1])
print(my_num[::-1])

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[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
[3, 4, 5]
[2, 4, 6, 8]
[4, 5, 6, 7]
[9, 8, 7, 6, 5]
[10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]

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# 排序
my_num = [11, 4, 56, 98, 34, 6, 77, 23, 12.4, 3]
print(sorted(my_num))
print(sorted(my_num, reverse=True))
print(my_num) # 不改变原来的列表

print()

my_num.sort(reverse=True)
print(my_num) # 改变原来的列表

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[3, 4, 6, 11, 12.4, 23, 34, 56, 77, 98]
[98, 77, 56, 34, 23, 12.4, 11, 6, 4, 3]
[11, 4, 56, 98, 34, 6, 77, 23, 12.4, 3]

[98, 77, 56, 34, 23, 12.4, 11, 6, 4, 3]

字典

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# 创建

my_dictionary = {
    'A': 1,
    'B': 2,
    'C': 3,
    'D': 4,
    'E': 5
}

print(my_dictionary)

list_keys = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G']
list_values = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ]

my_dictionary = dict(zip(list_keys, list_values))
print(my_dictionary)

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{'A': 1, 'B': 2, 'C': 3, 'D': 4, 'E': 5}
{'A': 1, 'B': 2, 'C': 3, 'D': 4, 'E': 5, 'F': 6}

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5

# 访问
print(my_dictionary['B'])

print(my_dictionary.keys())
print(my_dictionary.values())

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2
dict_keys(['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'])
dict_values([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])

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7

for k, v in my_dictionary.items():
    print(k, v)

print()

for k in my_dictionary:
    print(my_dictionary[k])

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A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4
E 5
F 6

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4
5
6

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5
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7

# 更新
my_dictionary['A'] = 'one'
print(my_dictionary)

my_dictionary.update({'B': 'two', 'C': 'three'})
my_dictionary.update(F='six')
print(my_dictionary)

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{'A': 'one', 'B': 2, 'C': 3, 'D': 4, 'E': 5, 'F': 6}
{'A': 'one', 'B': 'two', 'C': 'three', 'D': 4, 'E': 5, 'F': 'six'}

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# 删除
print(my_dictionary.popitem())
print(my_dictionary.popitem())
print(my_dictionary)

print()

print(my_dictionary.pop('B'))
print(my_dictionary)

print()

my_dictionary.clear() # 清空
print(my_dictionary)

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('F', 'six')
('E', 5)
{'A': 'one', 'B': 'two', 'C': 'three', 'D': 4}

two
{'A': 'one', 'C': 'three', 'D': 4}

{}

集合

集合里的元素是唯一的，无序的，可以行交集、并集、差集等运算

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# 创建

my_set_1 = {1,3,4,4,5,6,7,8}
my_set_2 = set(range(10))
print(my_set_1)
print(my_set_2)

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{1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}

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10

# 增删改 

my_set_1.add(99)
my_set_1.add(45)
print(my_set_1)


print(my_set_1.pop())
print(my_set_1.pop())
print(my_set_1)

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{1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 99, 45}
1
3
{4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 99, 45}

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2

my_set_1.discard(6)
print(my_set_1)

1

{4, 5, 7, 8, 99, 45}

1
2

my_set_1.remove(8)
print(my_set_1)

1

{4, 5, 7, 99, 45}

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2

my_set_1.update([8, 15])
print(my_set_1)

1

{4, 5, 7, 8, 99, 45, 15}

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3
4

# 遍历

for s in  my_set_1:
    print(s)

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7

4
5
7
8
99
45
15

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# 运算

print(my_set_1 & my_set_2)  # 交集
print(my_set_1 | my_set_2)  # 并集
print(my_set_1 - my_set_2)  # 差集
print(my_set_1 ^ my_set_2)  # 对称差集

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{8, 4, 5, 7}
{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 15, 99, 45}
{99, 45, 15}
{0, 1, 2, 3, 99, 6, 9, 45, 15}

元组

元组类似列表，但元组的元素是不可修改的

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# 创建
my_tuple = ('yjcps', 123, 'hacper', 55)
print(my_tuple)

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('yjcps', 123, 'hacper', 55)

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# 访问

print(my_tuple[2])

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hacper

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# 不可修改
my_tuple[1] = 456

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---------------------------------------------------------------------------

TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)

<ipython-input-24-703d73c28b82> in <module>()
      1 # 不可修改
----> 2 my_tuple[1] = 456


TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment

字符串

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# 创建字符串
text_1 = 'betty bought a bit of butter but the butter was bitter'
text_2 = "cat bat mat cat bat cat"
text_3 = '''
    Beautiful is better than ugly.
    Explicit is better than implicit.
    Simple is better than complex.
    Complex is better than complicated.
    Flat is better than nested.
    Sparse is better than dense.
'''

# 字符串长度
print(len(text_1), len(text_2), len(text_3))

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54 23 214

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# 首字母大写
print(text_1.capitalize())

# 全部转换为大写
print(text_2.upper())

# 全部转换为小写
print(text_2.lower())

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Betty bought a bit of butter but the butter was bitter
CAT BAT MAT CAT BAT CAT
cat bat mat cat bat cat

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# 检查字符串的开头结尾
print(text_2.startswith('cat'))
print(text_2.endswith('bat'))

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True
False

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# 切片，拼接

print(text_3[4:35])
print(text_3[-130:-108])
print(text_3[35:4:-1])

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 Beautiful is better than ugly.
 is better than comple

.ylgu naht retteb si lufituaeB

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print(text_1 + text_2)
print('#'.join(text_2))

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betty bought a bit of butter but the butter was bittercat bat mat cat bat cat
c#a#t# #b#a#t# #m#a#t# #c#a#t# #b#a#t# #c#a#t

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# 分割

print(text_2.split())
print(','.join(text_2.split())) 

print()

print(text_3.split('.'))

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['cat', 'bat', 'mat', 'cat', 'bat', 'cat']
cat,bat,mat,cat,bat,cat

['\n    Beautiful is better than ugly', '\n    Explicit is better than implicit', '\n    Simple is better than complex', '\n    Complex is better than complicated', '\n    Flat is better than nested', '\n    Sparse is better than dense', '\n']

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# 替换

print(text_1.replace('butter', 'hacper'))

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betty bought a bit of hacper but the hacper was bitter

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# 去除首尾某些字符
text_4 = '   123hello321   '
print(text_4.strip()) # 空格

text_4 = '****123hello321****'
print(text_4.strip('*')) # '*'

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123hello321
123hello321

[DA series - Learn Python with Steem]

我的笔记：

]]> Learn Python with Steem #04 笔记 https://hacperme.com/posts/notes/2018-07-31-learn-python-with-steem-04-note/ Tue, 31 Jul 2018 20:44:30 +0800 https://hacperme.com/posts/notes/2018-07-31-learn-python-with-steem-04-note/ Learn Python with Steem #04 笔记 [toc] 划重点 循环 人做重复性的事情很低效和枯燥，相比之下让机器来完成这些事更适合，所以在大鹏的《学R》中说，循环是个救世主。 循环由循 Learn Python with Steem #04 笔记

[toc]

划重点

  • 循环

人做重复性的事情很低效和枯燥，相比之下让机器来完成这些事更适合，所以在大鹏的《学R》中说，循环是个救世主。

循环由循环条件和循环体组成：满足条件，程序就重复做一类事情，要重复做的事情就是循环体，用缩进体现。

  • 循环的类型 循环可分两类：已知重复次数，用 for 循环方便一些，用while循环也可以，for循环还可以对一个容器进行迭代。
    不知道具体循环次数或者需要一个死循环，可以使用while循环,直到发现不满足循环条件，就退出循环。

  • 字符串格式化

    格式化字符串用format()函数，也可以用占位符%。

编程练习

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# 作业 

for row in range(1, 10):
    for col in range(1, row + 1):
        print('{}*{}={}'.format(row, col, row * col), end='\t')
    print()

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9

1*1=1   
2*1=2   2*2=4   
3*1=3   3*2=6   3*3=9   
4*1=4   4*2=8   4*3=12  4*4=16  
5*1=5   5*2=10  5*3=15  5*4=20  5*5=25  
6*1=6   6*2=12  6*3=18  6*4=24  6*5=30  6*6=36  
7*1=7   7*2=14  7*3=21  7*4=28  7*5=35  7*6=42  7*7=49  
8*1=8   8*2=16  8*3=24  8*4=32  8*5=40  8*6=48  8*7=56  8*8=64  
9*1=9   9*2=18  9*3=27  9*4=36  9*5=45  9*6=54  9*7=63  9*8=72  9*9=81  

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for row in range(1, 10):
    for col in range(1, row + 1):
        print('%d*%d=%d' % (row, col, row * col), end='\t')
    print()

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8
9

1*1=1   
2*1=2   2*2=4   
3*1=3   3*2=6   3*3=9   
4*1=4   4*2=8   4*3=12  4*4=16  
5*1=5   5*2=10  5*3=15  5*4=20  5*5=25  
6*1=6   6*2=12  6*3=18  6*4=24  6*5=30  6*6=36  
7*1=7   7*2=14  7*3=21  7*4=28  7*5=35  7*6=42  7*7=49  
8*1=8   8*2=16  8*3=24  8*4=32  8*5=40  8*6=48  8*7=56  8*8=64  
9*1=9   9*2=18  9*3=27  9*4=36  9*5=45  9*6=54  9*7=63  9*8=72  9*9=81  

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# 猜数游戏
import random

answer = random.randint(1, 100)
counter = 7
while True:
    if counter > 0:
        print('你还剩%d次机会' % counter)
        number = int(input('请输入答案: '))
        counter -= 1
        if number < answer:
            print('太小了')
        elif number > answer:
            print('太大了')
        else:
            print('恭喜你猜对了!')
            break
    else:
        print('Game Over!')
        break

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你还剩7次机会
请输入答案: 50
太小了
你还剩6次机会
请输入答案: 80
太大了
你还剩5次机会
请输入答案: 70
太小了
你还剩4次机会
请输入答案: 75
太小了
你还剩3次机会
请输入答案: 78
太大了
你还剩2次机会
请输入答案: 76
太小了
你还剩1次机会
请输入答案: 77
恭喜你猜对了!

补充

循环控制

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# break 跳出循环，终止循环
for i in range(5):
    if i == 3:
        break
    print(i)

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0
1
2

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5

# continue 放弃本次循环，但不终止循环
for i in range(5):
    if i == 3:
        continue
    print(i)

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0
1
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输出重定向

打印99乘法表的时候查看了print()函数的参数：

Docstring:
print(value, …, sep=’ ‘, end=’\n’, file=sys.stdout, flush=False)

Prints the values to a stream, or to sys.stdout by default.

file=sys.stdout 这个参数没有用过，它默认把输出打印到屏幕（sys.stdout），应该也可以把输出重定向到其他地方，比如文件，
试试看

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f = open('K:\Workspace\python\Python-x-Steem-tutorial-master\Python-x-Steem-tutorial\hello.txt', 'w')
print('Hello balabala!!', file=f)
f.close()

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%pycat hello.txt

结果：
blob.jpg
blob.jpg

## 我的笔记：

]]> Learn Python with Steem #03 笔记 https://hacperme.com/posts/notes/2018-07-31-learn-python-with-steem-03-note/ Tue, 31 Jul 2018 20:29:25 +0800 https://hacperme.com/posts/notes/2018-07-31-learn-python-with-steem-03-note/ Learn Python with Steem #03 笔记 [toc] 划重点 分支结构 Python的分支结构用if、elif、else关键字来构造，可以是多分支，也可以嵌套。 代码块 Python中用 Learn Python with Steem #03 笔记

[toc]

划重点

  • 分支结构 Python的分支结构用if、elif、else关键字来构造，可以是多分支，也可以嵌套。

  • 代码块

    Python中用缩进的方式构造代码块，程序的层次结构一目了然。

  • 交互

    使用input()函数输入数据，实现人与程序的交互。

编程练习

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# 写作业

a = float(input('Please enter the first number: '))
b = float(input('Please enter the second number: '))
c = float(input('Please enter the last number: '))

if a > b and a > c:
    print(a)
elif b > a and b > c:
    print(b)
else:
    print(c)

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Please enter the first number: 55
Please enter the second number: 99
Please enter the last number: 22
99.0

计算busy机器人的点赞比例，这是它的js程序https://github.com/busyorg/busy-bot/

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function getAccounts() {
  const accounts = JSON.parse(process.env.STEEM_ACCOUNTS || '[]');

  return accounts.map(account => ({
    username: account.username,
    wif: account.wif,
    minVests: account.minVests || 20000000,
    maxVests: account.maxVests || 4000000000000,
    limitVests: account.limitVests || 10000000000000,
    minPercent: account.minPercent || 6,
    maxPercent: account.maxPercent || 2500,
  }));
}

async function getVoteWeight(username, account) {
  const mvests = await fetch(`https://steemdb.com/api/accounts?account[]=${username}`)
    .then(res => res.json())
    .then(res => res[0].followers_mvest);

  if (mvests < account.minVests || mvests > account.limitVests) return 0;

  const percent = parseInt((10000 / account.maxVests) * mvests);

  return Math.min(Math.max(percent, account.minPercent), account.maxPercent);
}

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<br></br># 这算是一个实际的例子吧，把它的计算部分抽出来，
# 用Python写一下，正好用到今天学的分支结构
# 查看followers_mvest
# https://steemdb.com/api/accounts?account=yjcps

minVests = 20000000
# maxVests = 4000000000000  # maxVests 不是这个值
maxVests = 5000000000000
limitVests = 10000000000000
minPercent = 6 / 100
maxPercent = 2500 / 100

followers_mvest = float(input('Input your followers_mvest: '))
# 93785952.40679602

if followers_mvest < minVests or followers_mvest > limitVests:
    percent = 0
else:
    percent = (10000 / maxVests) * followers_mvest
    percent = min(max(percent, minPercent), maxPercent) / 100
print('Your Busy vote percent: {:.2%}'.format(percent))

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Input your followers_mvest: 93785952.40679602
Your Busy vote percent: 0.19%

补充

比较运算符

<= < > >= 小于等于，小于，大于，大于等于

== != 等于，不等于

逻辑运算符

not or and 非，或，与

空语句 pass

pass 不是跳过某段程序的意思,它是是用来占位子的，为了让写的程序符合语法。

pass有两个用法用：
一是什么都不做，写个pass：

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<br></br>if True:
   pass

另一个是，还没想好程序的某个功能怎么写，写个pass占位子:

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<br></br>def fun():
    pass

我的笔记：

]]> Learn Python with Steem #02 笔记 https://hacperme.com/posts/notes/2018-07-28-learn-python-with-steem-02-note/ Sat, 28 Jul 2018 13:50:11 +0800 https://hacperme.com/posts/notes/2018-07-28-learn-python-with-steem-02-note/ Learn Python with Steem #02 笔记 [toc] 划重点 Python变量 变量像是一个专门用来装数据箱子，可以给它起名字，在用的时候好辨认，箱子的数据可以更改替换，所以叫“变” Learn Python with Steem #02 笔记

[toc]

划重点

  • Python变量 变量像是一个专门用来装数据箱子，可以给它起名字，在用的时候好辨认，箱子的数据可以更改替换，所以叫“变”量。

  • 数据类型 由于数据多种多样，所以Python有不同类别的箱子，有的用来装数值，有的用来装字符串，有的用来装图片，等等

  • 变量的使用

    变量是程序里的一个操作对象，如对变量赋值，对变量进行运算，做类型转换等等

编程练习

blob.jpg

哇，这么少，得多些写写文章才行啊。

blob.jpg
blob.jpg

人生如此艰难，还是多花点时间在正事上吧，一般人在steemit上写文章也赚不了几个钱。

补充

变量命名

给Python的变量命名有些规矩：

  • 变量名由字母、数字和下划线构成，不能以数字开头
  • 区分大小写
  • 不能是Python的关键字（这些名字已作他用）

blob.jpg

blob.jpg

变量类型

Python的数据类型有很多，而且还可以自己定义一个数据类型，很灵活

blob.jpg

blob.jpg

变量的使用

图片.png

图片.png

图片.png

blob.jpg

blob.jpg

图片.png

我觉得Python的一个优点是将编程这样的“贵族”玩具平民化了，人人都可以上手写程序。Python是不是很好玩，一起来学吧。

我的笔记：

Posted from Wordpress with SteemPress

]]>